Bloodborne Pathogen

1. Bloodborne Pathogen Jesse Mullins PharmD Candidate Gurpreet Singh PharmD Candidate

2. What are bloodborne pathogens? • bacteria and viruses present in blood and body fluids that causes disease in humans • Common bloodborne pathogens : • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • HIV

3. How are bloodborne pathogens spread? Primarily spread through: • Direct contact -Infected blood or body fluid from one person enters another person’s body at a correct entry site, such as infected blood splashing in the eye • Indirect contact - A person’s skin touches an object that contains the blood or body fluid of an infected person, such as picking up soiled dressings contaminated with an infected person’s blood or body fluid. • Respiratory droplet transmission -A person inhales droplets from an infected person, such as through a cough or sneeze • Vector-borne transmission -A person’s skin is penetrated by an infectious source, such as an insect bite

4. Standard Precautions • Treat all blood and other body fluids be treated as if they are infectious. • Maintain personal hygiene • Use personal protective equipment • Engineer controls • Work practice controls • Proper equipment cleaning • Proper spill clean up procedure • Wear gloves when cleaning surfaces and perform hand hygiene after removal of gloves

5. Prevention • Avoid contact with blood and other body fluids • Wear protective gear when providing care : • disposable gloves • mask • eyewear • gown • Cover any cuts, scrapes or sores and remove jewelry, including rings, before wearing disposable gloves.

6. Prevention Cont. • Change gloves for each new patient • Remove disposable gloves without contacting the soiled part of the gloves and dispose of them in a proper container. • perform hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves • Thoroughly wash your hands and other areas immediately after providing care. • Use alcohol - based hand sanitizer where hand washing facilities are not available if your hands are not visibly soiled. • Wash your hands before and after providing care

7. Reduce risk of exposure • Biohazard bags to dispose of contaminated materials: • gloves and bandages • place all soiled clothing in marked bags for disposal and cleaning • Biohazard warning bags are required on any container holding contaminated materials. • Sharp disposal containers • needles

8. Reduce risk of exposure cont. • Clean and disinfect all equipment and work surfaces soiled by blood or body fluids • with disinfectant solution (any EPA - registered disinfectant is fine ) • Scrub soiled boots and other leather clothing with hot - soapy water.

9. If you are exposed..... • Needlestick injuries • cuts and exposed skin should be wash thoroughly with soap and water • Blood and other body fluid splashes around mouth and nose: • rinse with water • Blood and other body fluids splashes in the eyes or around eyes : • irrigate with clean water, saline or sterile irrigants for 20 minutes

10. If you are exposed .... cont • Report the incident to the appropriate person: • Emergency Medical Services • Record the incident: • date and time • circumstances of the exposure • any actions taken after the exposure • Immediately notify supervisor in the event to an occupational exposure. • Seek immediate follow up care

11. References • http://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m4240177_PreventingSpreadBloodbornePathogensFactadSkill.pdf