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Doron Garfinkel , M.D

MICRONUTRIENTS IN THE ELDERLY Age-related deficiencies in microelements. Doron Garfinkel , M.D. NUTRITION AND LONGEVITY CONFERENCE , Danone Institute Israel, March 26, 2001. HEALTH PROMOTION THE ROLE OF NUTRITION. IN PREVIOUS CENTURIES,.

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Doron Garfinkel , M.D

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  1. MICRONUTRIENTS IN THE ELDERLYAge-related deficiencies in microelements DoronGarfinkel, M.D NUTRITION AND LONGEVITY CONFERENCE, Danone Institute Israel, March 26, 2001.

  2. HEALTH PROMOTIONTHE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN PREVIOUS CENTURIES, DEFICIENCIES OF SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR SIGNIFICANT MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN THE GENERAL POPULATION 20 th. 19 th. 18th. B.C.

  3. HEALTH PROMOTION IN 20th. CENTURY DETECTING SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES DEFICIENCY DISEASE VITAMIN A NIGHT BLINDNESS NIACIN PELLAGRA THIAMINE BERI BERI 20th. Century VITAMIN C SCURVY VITAMIN D RICKETS PYRIDOXINE, IRON, FOLIC ACID ANEMIAS IODINE HYPOTHYROIDISM FLUORIDE CARIES

  4. HEALTH PROMOTION IN 20th. CENTURY SUCCESSFUL PREVENTION OFSPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES ENRICHING WATER AND FOOD WITH ESSENTIAL NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS IN ORDER TO AVOID DISEASES CAUSED BY SPECIFIC NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY THE GOAL: ACHIEVING THE RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE ( R. D. A. ) 20th. Century

  5. HEALTH PROMOTION - 21st CENTURYA NEW ROLE FOR NUTRITION ??? NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS MAY REPRESENT THE EASIEST, MOST SIMPLE AND COST - EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR : 21 ST. CENTURY INHIBITING AGE RELATED PROCESSES DECREASING MORTALITY & MORBIDITY FROM CHRONIC AGE-RELATED DISEASES

  6. EXPANDING HEALTH FRONTIERS IN THE 21ST CENTURY CAN WE PREVENT OR POSTPONE THE OMINOUS CONSEQUENSES OF AGE - RELATED DISEASES BY DIETARY MANIPULATION ? SPECIFIC NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION ? EFFECTIVE DOSE ? TOXICITY ? THERAPEUTIC RANGE ? MAGIC-BOOLET? R. D. A. or HIGHER?? “MEGADOSES” ??? THERE ARE NO MAGIC BOOLETS !

  7. MICROELEMENTS ZINC , COPPER, MAGNESIUM, SILICON CHROMIUM , SELENIUM, MOLYBDEN TIN BORE, BROMINE ALUMINUM LITHIUM, NICKEL FLUORIDE VANADIUM, RUBIDIUM, GERMANIUM (Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium... )

  8. TESTING “ANTI-AGING” CLAIMS IN MOST CASES, THERE ARE NO RELIABLE, CONTROLLED STUDIES REGARDING THE EFFICACY AND/OR SAFETY OF NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO INDUCE AN “ANTI - AGING” EFFECT (OR AN INHIBITING EFFECT ON AGE-RELATED DISEASES)

  9. SEARCHING “ANTI-AGING” AGENTS IN OUR ATTEMPT TO DISCOVER NUTRITIONAL “INHIBITORS” OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES, IT WOULD BE LOGICAL TO CONCENTRATE ON FACTORS KNOWN TO HAVE BOTH: BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON LIVING CELLS DECREASED CONCENTRATIONS AND/OR ACTIVITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

  10. INHIBITION OF AGING PROCESSES .... YES, I SEE ! Z I N C !!

  11. ? why zinc ?

  12. INHIBITION OF AGING PROCESSES UNDERFEEDING WHICH STARTS AT WEANING AND CONTINUES THROUGHOUT LIFE , CAN SLOW DOWN THE AGING PROCESS

  13. INHIBITION OF AGING PROCESSES THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH THE UNDERFEEDING REGIMENS PROLONGS MAXIMAL LIFESPAN , REMAINS UNKNOWN

  14. INHIBITION OF AGING PROCESSES “RESTRICTED DIETS” HAVE HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC AND THEIR ALTERED COMPOSITION HAS A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY

  15. * * * IS AGING INEVITABLE ? THE INTRACELLULAR ZINC DEFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS OF AGING D. GARFINKEL , MEDICAL HYPOTHESES 19: 117 - 137 , 1986

  16. ? why zinc ?

  17. ZINC METALLOENZYMES (PARTIAL LIST - OUT OF 200) ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ALDOLASE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ALKALINE PROTEASE CARBONIC ANHYDRASE CARBOXYPEPTIDASES A, B, C DIPEPTIDASE GLYCERALDEHYDE PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE PHOSPHOLIPASE C PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE RETINAL REDUCTASE

  18. ZINC METALLOENZYMES INFORMATION HANDLING ENZYMES DNA POLYMERASE RNA POLYMERASE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE TdT THYMIDINE KINASE

  19. ZINC FINGERS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ACTIVATE GENES USING SMALL PROJECTIONS KNOWN AS ZINC FINGERS THAT ARE PERFECTLY SUITED TO DNA RECOGNITION . . . ZINC FINGERS PLAY A KEY PART IN REGULATING THE ACTIVITY OF GENES IN MANY SPECIES, FROM YEAST TO HUMANS... D. Rhodes & A. Klug Scientific American, February 1993, pp. 32-39

  20. ZINC IS AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR FOR GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND NORMAL FUNCTION OF EVERY LIVING CELL

  21. IS THERE AN AGE-RELATEDZINC DEFICIENCY ? zinc

  22. PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING ZINC STATUS • AT PRESENT, THERE IS NO SIMPLE AND RELIABLE INDEX OF ZINC STATUS • THERE IS SELDOM A CORRELATION BETWEEN ZINC CONCENTRATIONS IN HAIR OR TOENAILS, ERYTHROCYTES , PLASMA OR URINE NONE OF THESE MEASUREMENTS PROVIDES A SENSITIVE INDICATION OF ZINC STATUS

  23. ASSESSING ZINC STATUS In Apparently Normal Children with Poor Growth but No Evidence of Zinc Deficiency, Zinc Supplementation Induced a Significant Increase in Height with No Significant Change in Plasma Zinc Levels... Suggesting an Undetected Zinc Deficiency in Those “Normal” Children... Walravens PA et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 38:195-201

  24. ASSESSING ZINC STATUS THE CORNERSTONE OF THE DEFINITION AND DETECTION OF ZINC DEFICIENCY IS A THERAPEUTIC TRIAL OF ZINC ADMINISTRATION Brit. Med. J. 1981 (Editorial)

  25. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS IF WE ALL DEVELOP AN AGE - RELATED ZINC DEFICIENCY BUT ITS DETECTION IS IMPOSSIBLE WE CAN PERFORM THERAPEUTIC TRIALS TO ASSESS EFECTS OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON MEASURABLE AGE - RELATED PROCESSES

  26. THE SUBJECTS HEALTHY MALES AND FEMALES AGED 40 - 65 , WHO PARTICIPATE IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AT LEAST 5 YEARS (STARTED 1989 AT THE WOLFSON MEDICAL CENTER)

  27. THE COMPOUND ZINC SULFATE 300 mg (68 mg ELEMENTAL ZINC) A PLACEBO IDENTICAL IN APPEARANCE

  28. ON THE AGE - RELATED DECLINE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM EFFECTS OF PROLONGED ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION

  29. IMMUNITYAND ZINC ZINC DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED T-CELL FUNCTION ZINC ADMINISTRATION IMPROVES CELL - MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN THE ELDERLY

  30. IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS GLUTATHION REDUCTASE, GLUTATHION PEROXYDASE, CATALASE AND SUPER OXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) - IN RBC. LABORATORY TESTS : MAGNESIUM, CERULOPLASMIN, COPPER, BETA CAROTEN & VITAMIN E - IN SERUM ZINC in PLASMA, RBC & MONONUCLEARS

  31. IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY METHODS DELAYED - TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY (DTH) SKIN REACTIONS TO 7 ANTIGENS WERE ASSESED BY MULTITEST : ;;;; Tuberculin, Diphteria, Tetanus, Proteus, Streptococcus, Candida & Trichophyton

  32. EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON PLASMA, RBC & MNC ZINC PLACEBO PLASMA ug / dL Z I N C MNC RBC p = 0.01

  33. EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON DTH SKIN RESPONSES NUMBER OF POSITIVE RESPONSES ZINC PLACEBO P < .001

  34. EFFECT OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON DTH SKIN RESPONSES AVERAGE TOTAL INDURATION Z I N C TOTAL SCORE PLACEBO P < .001

  35. CONCLUSIONS PROLONGED ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION MAY INHIBIT THE AGE- RELATED DECLINE IN CELLULAR IMMUNITY (AT LEAST AS RELATED TO DTH SKIN TESTS) PROLONGED ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION IN ADULTS IS REFLECTED IN INCREASED PLASMA ZINC CONCENTRATIONS

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