Specific Proposal for Synergies Network

1. Specific Proposal forSynergies Network To maximize the visibility and impact of Canadian SS/H Research: • Support the creation and start-up of a network of University OAI Archives for all University research output (pre-refereeing preprints and refereed postprints) • This will not only maximize Canadian SS/H research impact (the primary goal) but it will also allow Canadian Refereed Journals to (1) go inline, (2) cut their costs, (3) ensure their future, and (4) increase their own visibility and impact, by (5) offloading all of their online archiving, distribution and access onto the Synergies Network. (If/when they wish to (6) convert to becoming open-access journals, (7) providing peer-review only, they are perfectly positioned to do so) • In doing this Canada will also set a model for and lead the world in the movement toward open access to refereed research. Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

2. The Research-Impact Cycle Self-archiving research output maximizes research access maximizing (and accelerating) research impact (hence also research productivity and research progress and their rewards) Tim Brody - Eprints.org - Southampton University

3. New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research Impact cycle begins: Research is done Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print” Submitted to Journal Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review” 12-18 Months Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal

4. Institutional OAI Archive Growth How OAI Archives for institutional research output have been growing – and how to accelerate their growth (Data collected and analysed by Tim Brody, doctoral candidate, Electronics and Computer Science, Southampton University) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

5. Growth in number of papers openly accessible in OAI Archives (nearly 1,400,000 records, but not all are full-text) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

6. Growth in number of OAI Archives (now 140+ Archives, but the average number of papers per Archive (9000) needs to grow faster!) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

7. The Eprints.org subset of OAI Archives(about 1/2 of all current OAI Archives, 70/140) illustrating the growth in institutions’ self-archived research output: drop in average size when new institutional archives began to be created Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

8. New Eprints.org Archives per month(minus 3 pre-OAI legacy Eprints.org Archives) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

9. Growth of papers in Eprints.org Archives (excluding the 3 biggest Archives)8000+ papers to date Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

10. Growth in number of Eprints.org Archives (c. 70)(again, average number of papers per Archive [c. 120] needs to grow faster!) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

11. Universities (and their research funders) need to adopt a systematic policy to self-archive all their refereed research output Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

12. Where the work needs to be done to accelerate growth per Archive:These curves must become convex upward: Institutional self-archiving policies are needed Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

13. Even the fastest-growing archive, the Physics ArXiv, is still only growing linearly (since 1991): At that rate, it would still take a decade before we reach the first year that all physics papers for that year are openly accesible Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

14. The Golden Road to Open Access: Reciprocity Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

15. MAXIMIZE ACCESS (1) Draft university policy for the self-archiving of all university research output (preprint and postprint): TO MAXIMIZE IMPACT http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lac/archpol.html

16. (2) Proposal for a UK national policy of university self-archiving for all refereed research output for research assessment http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/Ariadne-RAE.doc as a model for the rest of the world Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

17. (3) Template and demo for a standardized university online-CV with harvestable performance indicators and links to the institutional Eprint Archive http://paracite.eprints.org/cgi-bin/rae_front.cgi Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

18. (4) ____: A scientometric and webmetric search engine that can calculate traditional and new measures of research impact, _____ a tool for finding and linking citations on the web http://citebase.eprints.org/help/ http://opcit.eprints.org/evaluation/Citebase-evaluation/evaluation-report.html http://paracite.eprints.org/ Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

19. (5) The crucial role of reciprocity in open access: “Self-archive unto others as ye would have them self-archive unto you.” http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/unto-others.doc http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving.ppt Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

20. (6)RoMEO Project (Loughborough)(Rights MEtadata for Open archiving)Proportion of journals formally supporting self-archiving (already 50%) continues to grow http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/romeo Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

21. (7) The BOAI Self-Archiving FAQ http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/ http://www.soros.org/openaccess/ Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

22. Pre-Print self-archived to University’s Eprint Website Post-Print self-archived to University’s Eprint Website New impact cycles: Self-archivedresearch impact is greater (and faster) because access is maximized (and accelerated) “Skywriting”: All research, accessible to all potential users, anywhere, anytime Impact cycle begins: Research is done Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print” Submitted to Journal Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review” 12-18 Months Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research

23. “Online or Invisible?” (Lawrence 2001) “average of 336% more citations to online articles compared to offline articles published in the same venue” Lawrence, S. (2001) Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact Nature 411 (6837): 521. http://www.neci.nec.com/~lawrence/papers/online-nature01/ Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

24. Research Assessment, Research Funding, and Citation Impact “Correlation between RAE ratings and mean departmental citations +0.91 (1996) +0.86 (2001) (Psychology)” “RAE and citation counting measure broadly the same thing” “Citation counting is both more cost-effective and more transparent” (Eysenck & Smith 2002) http://psyserver.pc.rhbnc.ac.uk/citations.pdf Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

25. The objective of open-access is: • not to quarrel with or to replace journals (at all). _______________________________________________ • notto resolve the budgetary problems of libraries (and yet…) • not to provide access to teachers - students - the general public - (and yet…) • not to provide access to the Developing World (and yet…) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

26. The objective of open-access is: to maximize research impact by maximizing research access Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

27. Research Impact • measures the size of a research contribution to further research • generates further research funding • contributes to the research productivity and financial support of the researcher’s institution • advances the researcher’s career • promotes research progress Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

28. Some old and new scientometric (“publish or perish”) indices ofresearch impact • quality-level and citation-counts of the journal in which the article appears • citation-counts for the article • citation-counts for the researcher • co-citations, co-text (cited with whom/what else?) • citation-counts for the preprint • usage-measures (“hits,” webmetrics) • time-course analyses, early predictors, etc. etc. Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

29. Time-Course of Citations (red) and Usage (hits, green)Witten, Edward (1998) Anti De Sitter Space And Holography ADV.THEOR.MATH.PHYS 2 : 253 Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

30. The Usage/Citation Correlation (hep, astro, cond, quantum; math, comp) All r=.27, n=219328 Q1 (lo) r=.26, n=54832 Q2 r=.18, n=54832 Q3 r=.28, n=54832 Q4 (hi) r=.34, n=54832 hep r=.33, n=74020 Q1 (lo) r=.23, n=18505 Q2 r=.23, n=18505 Q3 r=.30, n=18505 Q4 (hi) r=.50, n=18505 (correlation is highest for high-citation papers/authors) Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

31. LIMITED ACCESS LIMITED IMPACT

32. OPEN ACCESS MAXIMAL IMPACT LIMITED ACCESS LIMITED IMPACT

33. http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/ Harnad, S. (1990) Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry. Psychological Science 1: 342 - 343 (reprinted in Current Contents 45: 9-13, November 11 1991). http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/81/ Harnad, S. (1994) A Subversive Proposal. In: Ann Okerson & James O'Donnell (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Washington, DC., Association of Research Libraries, June 1995. http://www.arl.org/scomm/subversive/toc.html Harnad, S. (2001) For Whom the Gate Tolls? How and Why to Free the Refereed Research Literature Online Through Author/Institution Self-Archiving, Now. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/39/ Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment.Times Higher Education Supplement 1487: p. 16.http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Tp/thes1.html http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/intpub.html Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.

34. Specific Proposal forSynergies Network To maximize the visibility and impact of Canadian SS/H Research: • Support the creation and start-up of a network of University OAI Archives for all University research output (pre-refereeing preprints and refereed postprints) • This will not only maximize Canadian SS/H research impact (the primary goal) but it will also allow Canadian Refereed Journals to (1) go inline, (2) cut their costs, (3) ensure their future, and (4) increase their own visibility and impact, by (5) offloading all of their online archiving, distribution and access onto the Synergies Network. (If/when they wish to (6) convert to becoming open-access journals, (7) providing peer-review only, they are perfectly positioned to do so) • In doing this Canada will also set a model for and lead the world in the movement toward open access to refereed research. Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.