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English. Grammar and Punctuation Unit. Independent Clauses : What are they?. An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought . An independent clause is a sentence . Stands on its own

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  1. English Grammar and Punctuation Unit

  2. Independent Clauses: What are they? • An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. • An independent clause is a sentence. • Stands on its own • If you are an independent person, you are just fine being by yourself. You function just fine!

  3. Independent Clauses: Examples • Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz. • Mr. Prueter loves teaching. • Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore. • Mr. P loves teaching, but doesn’t love the grading. independent clause …but not the end of the sentence. No problem!

  4. Dependent Clauses:What are they? • A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. • A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. • Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word. • What does it mean to depend on something? If you are dependent, you need something to make you function!

  5. Dependent Clauses: Examples Marker Words • WhenJim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz . . . • What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete. • Although Emily likes to watch YouTube videos… • Again, we have an incomplete thought. • Afterbreaking a bone, Mr. P decided to never match socks again dependent clause …but not the end of the sentence. No problem!

  6. Pop Quiz! • Look back at your notes! • What is always after an introductory clause? • Intro clause = clause that kicks off (introduces) a sentence?

  7. Connecting dependent and independent clauses • Whether the introductory clause is dependent or independent, there are two ways to connect one to the other: coordinating conjunctions and independent word markers • Remember what we just said for our pop quizzes; commas are used

  8. Coordinating Conjunctions • The seven coordinating conjunctions used as connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause are and, but, for, or, nor, so, andyet. • I went to study, but I also did some people-watching • I went to study, and Jim decided to stay home and nap • I was not studying, nor was people-watching • I realized I could study, or I could spend my day people watching

  9. What’s the difference? • I realized I could study, or I could spend my day people watching. • I realized I could study or people watch.

  10. Semi-Colons ( ; ) • Combines two clauses that are closely related • My sister is a phenomenal figure skater; she will compete in Tokyo next month • The fact she is a great skater and that her skating leads her to Tokyo means these clauses are closely related. • We would not use one for the following sentence because they are not closely related: • My sister is a phenomenal figure skater. She has many friends.

  11. Semi-Colons (cont.) • Combines two clauses that are linked with a transitional word • The director wants to start filming; however, the weather is not cooperating • I planned to wear matching socks today; nevertheless, I didn’t want the school to catch fire so I wore a mismatched pair

  12. Semi-colons (cont.) • Used between items that already have commas • She presented her book proposal to publishers in San Francisco, California; Helena, Montana; Detroit, Michigan; and Atlanta, Georgia.

  13. Colons ( : ) • When listing • My English teacher introduces us to the following American authors: Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Dickenson • When stating a fact • My grandfather once gave me great advice: surround yourself with greatness • After a salutation in a letter • Dear Mr. Kennedy:

  14. Italics • Book titles: To Kill a Mockingbird • Full-length plays: Death of a Salesman • Long poems: The Odyssey • Magazines: Sports Illustrated • Newspapers: The New York Times • Movies: The Dark Night • Television programs: The Tonight Show • Paintings: The Last Supper • Ships and planes: Air Force One

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