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Forensic Anthropology

Forensic Anthropology. The Pelvic Girdle. THE PELVIS. The many names for this region Pelvis: composed of 2 innominate bones and the sacrum Innominate (or Os Coxae): each half of the “pelvic bowl” formed by the fusion of Ilium Ischium Pubis. THE INNOMINATE.

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Forensic Anthropology

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  1. Forensic Anthropology The Pelvic Girdle

  2. THE PELVIS • The many names for this region • Pelvis: composed of 2 innominate bones and the sacrum • Innominate (or Os Coxae): each half of the “pelvic bowl” formed by the fusion of • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis

  3. THE INNOMINATE • ILIUM – most superior of the 3 the blade • ISCHIUM - most inferior of the 3 the ‘sit bone’ • PUBIS – most anterior of the 3 forms the symphysis

  4. THE INNOMINATE • FUNCTIONS: • Support internal organs • Changes in the human pelvis allow for bipedal locomotion

  5. THE INNOMINATE Each innominate articulates with *sacrum (at the auricular surface) *one femur (at the acetabulum) *the other innominate (at pubic symph)

  6. THE INNOMINATE – what to know • The ilium: medially - • Iliac crest – superior rim • Iliac fossa – superior depression under rim • ASIS and AIIS • Arcuate line – midline inferior ridge • Iliac tuberosity – posterior rugosity • Auricular surface - posterior (art.w/ sacrum) • Preauricular sulcus

  7. THE INNOMINATE – what to know • The ilium: laterally – • Iliac crest • Iliac pillar – ridge on midline of blade • PSIS and PIIS • Greater sciatic notch • Acetabulum (actually the point where all three bones fuse together, art. w/femur)

  8. THE INNOMINATE – what to know • The ischium and pubis – medially • Pubic ramus: anterior/superior, twists • Pubic symphysis: most anterior point • Ischiopubicramus: flat • Obturator foramen: big hole • The ischium and pubis – laterally • Ischial spine: most inferior/posterior • Lesser sciatic notch: inferior • Ischialtuberosity: very thick • Pubic tubercle: anterior, above symph

  9. THE INNOMINATE – L from R • Orient ilium (crest and blade) superior • Orient the pubic symphysis anteriorly and medially, ischium posterior and inferior • The acetabulum is on the side of origin (lateral)

  10. THE INNOMINATE – fusion ages • Ischiopubic ramus; 5-8 years • Acetabululm; 11-17 years • Ischial tuberosity; 16-20 years • Iliac crest; 17-23 years

  11. THE INNOMINATE uses in forensics • The pelvis is best for sex – due to changes in the pelvis for childbirth, there are numerous, easy to distinguish features that help differentiate males from females in both the PUBIS and the ILIUM • ALSO, well developed methods for aging adults based on changes in the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

  12. THE INNOMINATE uses in forensics TO RECAP: • SEX: PUBIS AND ILIUM • AGE: FUSIONS, AURICULAR SURFACES, PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

  13. The sacrum • Large, wedge-shaped • Composed of 5 sacral vertebrae – fused • Articulates with L5, both innominates • Characteristics • Large bodies • Reduced spinous processes

  14. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19464.jpghttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19464.jpg

  15. http://www.back.com/images/sacrum-4-19.jpg http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_Ed/grade10/manphys/images/man/sacrum.gif

  16. The sacrum – need to know • Posteriorly – • Posterior sacral foramina • Anteriorly • Anterior sacral foramina • Transverse line of fusion • Superiorly • Sacral promontory (sup/ant): central, superior border of S1 • Superior articular facets: articulation of L5-S1 • Spinal canal • Ala (wings) • Laterally • Auricular surface • Spinous processes

  17. The sacrum – uses in forensics • Age • Transverse line between S1 – S2 closes mid twenties • Male vs female • Males sacrum curved • Females sacrum straight (WHY?)

  18. The coccyx • Coccyx – group of fused bones vs coccygeal vertebra (individual bone) • Usually 4 segments fused – variation 3-5 • CV1 had transverse processes and horns (cornua) • CV2+ are variable, small, frequently lost • Typically all fuse together and frequently to sacrum

  19. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/6/62/200px-Gray100.pnghttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/6/62/200px-Gray100.png

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