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Randy Capps Karina Fortuny The Urban Institute

The Integration of Immigrants and Their Families in Maryland. Randy Capps Karina Fortuny The Urban Institute. “The Contributions of Immigrant Workers to the Economy” Governor’s Workforce Investment Board Quarterly Meeting Arnold, MD, September 17, 2008. Today’s Presentation.

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Randy Capps Karina Fortuny The Urban Institute

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  1. The Integration of Immigrants and Their Families in Maryland Randy CappsKarina FortunyThe Urban Institute “The Contributions of Immigrant Workers to the Economy” Governor’s Workforce Investment Board Quarterly Meeting Arnold, MD, September 17, 2008

  2. Today’s Presentation • Trends in Maryland’s immigrant workforce • Distribution of workers across Maryland • Characteristics of immigrant workers • Industries, occupations, and earnings of immigrant workers • Conclusions and policy recommendations

  3. Foreign-Born Shares of the Total Population, All Workers, Low-Wage Workers, and Lower-Skilled Workers, Maryland, 2000 and 2005-06 Note: a. Low-wage workers earned less than twice the minimum wage in 1999 or in 2004–05. Self-employed workers are excluded from this tabulation. b. Lower-skilled workers have less than a high school education. (U.S. Census, 2000 & American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  4. Growth of Maryland Labor Force, Age 18 to 64, by Nativity and Educational Attainment, 2000 to 2005-06 (U.S. Census, 2000 & American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  5. Labor Force Participation Is Increasing for Both Immigrants and Natives in Almost All Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Groups • Immigrants’ participation up: 75% to 80% • Natives: slight change from 79% to 80% • Foreign-born Hispanics: large increase from 70% to 81% • African Americans: also large increase from 73% to 78% • Native-born high school dropouts: slight increase from 58% to 60%

  6. Foreign-born Workers Living in Maryland, by County, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  7. Growth Rates, Foreign-Born Workers, by County/County Group, Maryland, 2000 to 2005-06 Note: "Eastern Shore" includes Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset, and Worchester counties. (U.S. Census, 2000 & American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  8. Regions of Birth of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  9. Educational Attainment of Foreign-Born versus Native-Born Workers, Maryland, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  10. Shares of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland with Four-Year College Degrees or More Education, by Region of Birth, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  11. Shares of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland with Less than High School Educations, by Region of Birth, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  12. Limited English Proficient Shares of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland, by Region of Birth, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  13. Bilingual Shares of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland, by Region of Birth, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  14. Share of Foreign-Born Workers in Maryland That Are Naturalized Citizens, by Region of Birth, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  15. Maryland Industries with Highest Immigrant Worker Shares, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  16. Maryland Occupations with Highest Immigrant Worker Shares, 2005-06 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  17. Share of Immigrants Age 25 and Older with College or Professional Degrees Earned Abroad Employed in Unskilled Occupations, by U.S. Tenure, 2005-06 (Note: "Europe" refers to Europe, Canada, and Oceania. * The shares of immigrants from Europe regardless of tenure are not statistically different from that of native workers. ** The share of immigrants from Asia, 11 years or more in the U.S., are also not statistically different from that of native workers. ) (Migration Policy Institute Analysis of American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  18. Median Personal Earnings of Foreign- versus Native-Born Maryland Workers, by Educational Attainment, 2004-05 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  19. Median Personal Earnings of English-Proficient versus Limited English Proficient Immigrant Workers in Maryland, by Educational Attainment, 2004-05 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  20. Median Personal Earnings of Recent versus Long-term Immigrant Workers in Maryland, by Educational Attainment, 2004-05 (American Community Survey, 2005 & 2006)

  21. Conclusions • Immigrant workforce is growing, without affecting natives’ labor force participation • Immigrant workforce is diverse and better educated than nationally • But a significant share of immigrant workers are lower-skilled and LEP • Immigrants are overrepresented in high- and low-skilled occupations • Immigrant earnings increase with education, English, and tenure

  22. Policy Recommendations • Adult education and job training for both immigrant and native-born workers • Immigrants with lower educational attainment also need ESL • Assistance with U.S. credentials for immigrants with degrees abroad • Assistance with U.S. citizenship • 114,000 eligible to naturalize • 61,000 soon to be eligible (Passel, 2007)

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