THE STUDENT PROTEST MOVEMENT & COUNTERCULTURE

1. THE STUDENT PROTEST MOVEMENT& COUNTERCULTURE CH. 31.1

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3. 1960s youth movement developed that challenged American politics, its social system, & values of the time • Roots in 1950s “beat” movement & baby boom generation (values gap) • Increased # college students GROWTH OF YOUTH MOVEMENT

4. Students concerned about injustices in political & social issues formed the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). • Views expressed in the 1962 declaration known as the Port Huron Statementwritten by Tom Hayden • Called for an end to apathy &urged citizens to stop accepting a country run by corporations & big gov. • The Students for a Democratic Society protested the Vietnam War as well as issues of poverty, campus regulations, nuclear power, &racism. STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

5. A group of activists at the University of California at Berkeley, led by Mario Savio, began the Free Speech Movement. • Disgruntled by several practices at the university & staged a sit-in at the administration building • After some 700 protesters were arrested, a campus-wide strike stopped classes for 2 days • The Berkeley revolt became the model for college demonstrations around the country. FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT

6. The counterculture was a rebellion against the dominant culture in the U.S. It was a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of the man in a grey flannel suit who led a repressed and colorless life (conformity). A number of young Americans wanted to build their own society different from their middle-and-upper-class existence. COUNTERCULTURE MOVEMENT

7. Some young Americans sought to create their own society. • The counterculture, or hippies, were mostly white youths from middle-and upper-class backgrounds. • Lived a life that promoted flamboyant dress, rock music, drug use, & free & independent living • Rejected materialism & embraced spirituality • A broad range of beliefs–including astrology, magic, Eastern religions, and new forms of Christianity–were popular. COUNTERCULTURE

8. Utopian ideal of living, or the ideal of a society that was free, closer to nature, & full of love, empathy, tolerance, & cooperation • Long hair, Native American headbands, shabby jeans, & drugs were common • Communes or group living arrangements in which members shared everything & worked together, were formed as hippies dropped out of society • One of the most popular hippie destinations was the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco COUNTERCULTURE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF__TRVD3dQ

9. The counterculture declined, as some hippie communities became a place where criminal activity was common. • Drug use declined as the excitement faded and as more young people became addicted or died from overdoses. DECLINE OF COUNTERCULTURE

10. The international fashion world looked to the counterculture to create new fashions with more color and comfort. • During the 1960s, the distinction between traditional art & popular art, or pop art, ended. • The new generation of music added to the rift between parents and youth. • The Beatles, Bob Dylan, & Janis Joplin & Jimi Hendrix IMPACT OF COUNTERCULTURE

11. Mainstream America adopted some of the counterculture ideas. As the initial shock of the counterculture waned, what was once clothing of defiance became mainstream • Pop art took its subject matter from popular culture, using photographs, comics, advertisements, and brand-name products. • Long hair caused many schools to debate over the acceptable length. Eventually, longer hair became generally accepted. • Rock musicians used lyrics to describe the fears and hopes of the new generation. Rock ‘n’ roll music was eventually absorbed into the mainstream. A new style of dancing emerged from rock ‘n’ roll, in which people danced without partners to stress their individuality.

12. Prosperity 1950s increased # college students • Students concerned about injustices in political & social issues formed the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) & expressed their views in the 1962 declaration known as the Port Huron Statement, where they called for an end to apathy & urged citizens to stop accepting a country run by corporations & big government. • The Students for a Democratic Society protested the Vietnam War as well as issues of poverty, campus regulations, nuclear power, & racism. • A group of activists at the University of California at Berkeley, led by Mario Savio, began the Free Speech Movement. Disgruntled by several practices at the university, they staged a sit-in at the administration building. After some 700 protesters were arrested, a campus-wide strike stopped classes for two days. • The Berkeley revolt became the model for college demonstrations around the country. REVIEW: Student Protest Against Vietnam

13. The counterculture was a rebellion against the dominant culture in the U.S. It was a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of the man in a grey flannel suit who led a repressed and colorless life. A number of young Americans, mostly white, wanted to build their own society different from their middle-and-upper-class existence. • Lived a life that promoted flamboyant dress, rock music, drug use, & free & independent living. Rejected materialism & embraced spirituality. Utopian ideal of living (in communes = group living arrangements in which members shared everything) was free, closer to nature, & full of love, empathy, tolerance, & cooperation. Long hair, Native American headbands, shabby jeans, & drugs were common. • One of the most popular hippie destinations was the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco. • Decline of the movement: some hippie communities became a place where criminal activity was common & drug use declined as the excitement faded and as more young people became addicted or died from overdoses. • Impact of the movement: The international fashion world looked to the counterculture to create new fashions with more color and comfort & long hair became generally accepted. Pop art took its subject matter from popular culture, using photographs, comics, advertisements, and brand-name products. Rock ‘n’ roll became mainstream despite causing rift between parents & youth (Beatles, Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix). New style of dancing where people danced without partners to stress their individuality. REVIEW: Counter-Culture (Hippie) Movement