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World War I

World War I. The Great War. Focus Questions. How do imperialism and militarism work together to promote war? What arguments exist against militarism? How did nationalism contribute to the unrest in the Balkans?

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World War I

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  1. World War I The Great War

  2. Focus Questions • How do imperialism and militarism work together to promote war? What arguments exist against militarism? • How did nationalism contribute to the unrest in the Balkans? • How could a dispute between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente draw all of Europe into the conflict? • What act by Austria- Hungary set the world on the path to war? • Why did Germany attack France first? • What country had taken over territories that Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire wanted to regain?

  3. Directions: Using the chart, see if you can match each cause to its corresponding effect for the events leading to WWIExtension:   1. Do you think World War I could have been avoided? Explain.     2. If World War I was inevitable, what attitudes or actions made it so? Explain.

  4. I. Formation of European Alliances • Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy • Triple Entente- France, Russia, Britain 1. The Alliances preceding World War I divided Europe into two opposing armed camps, representing a roughly equal balance of power

  5. Alliance System of Europe

  6. Answer now: • What are the positives and negatives of the alliance system? • Remember these are secret alliances and the six nations are engaged in Imperialistic policies

  7. Advocates & Critics 2. Advocates argued this guaranteed peace. Neither alliance could be sure of military victory, the individual nation-states would proceed cautiously in foreign affairs. 3a. Critics of the balance of power theory held that the existence of the two alliances eventually would lead to war. 3b.Since each alliance represented tremendous military power, the individual nation states would miscalculate, abandon caution, and adopt an aggressive attitude in international affairs.

  8. Immediate causes cont’d

  9. II. Immediate Cause of World War I • Assassination of the Austrian Archduke Francis (Franz) Ferdinand • His assassination sparked a chain reaction that led to the outbreak of WWI • Assassinated by a Serbian nationalist • GarviloPrincip, 19 years old

  10. Timeline of WWI

  11. Here is an ultimatum that will not satisfy Austria deals with Serbia…

  12. Austria decided to deal harshly with Serbia and obtained from Germany a promise of unconditional support- a diplomatic blank check . Thus fortified, Austria presented an ultimatum demanding that Serbia (a) stop anti-Austrian propaganda (b) Dismiss anti-Austrian officials (c) permit Austria to investigate, within Serbia, the assassination plot. *Austria Denounced Serbia’s reply as unsatisfactory and declared war on Serbia*

  13. 2. Germany was alarmed when Russia mobilized its forces in preparation for helping Serbia and in anticipation of a major war. Germany therefore seized the initiative and declared war against Russia and France. 3. Germany’s Armies moved toward France, not by crossing the mountains on the fortified Franco-German border, but by going through the Belgian level plain. By invading Belgium, Germany violated its pledge to respect the country’s neutrality

  14. -Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1914

  15. 4. Britain feared German control of Belgium- opposite the British isles- as a threat to its security. When Germany rejected a British ultimatum to withdraw from Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany.

  16. III. Fundamental Causes of World War I • The Rise of Nationalism • France was determined to recover the French-inhabited provinces of Alsace and Lorraine • Serbia wanted Austro-Hungarian territory inhabited by the Yugoslav peoples • Subject nationalities- Yugoslavs, Czechs, Slovaks, and Poles- sought independence, even at the price of war. • Intense patriotism assured popular support for warlike measures B. Imperialism 1. France and Germany clashed over Morocco 2. Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals in the Balkans 3.Britain and Germany, both highly industrialized, competed for imperialist control in Africa and the Middle East and for world trade.

  17. C. Militarism • By conscripting soldiers, lengthening their training period, and providing them with modern equipment, the continental European nations each sought military superiority • Germany had a military tradition and extolled armed might • Armament manufacturers encouraged increased production of military equipment • Britain, which relied heavily upon its navy for protection of its island homeland, considered Germany’s huge naval building program a threat to British security D. International Anarchy • No strong international organization existed with facilities to enable nations to settle disputes peacefully • The Hague Court of Arbitration, est’d 1899, was ineffective. It could not compel nations to submit their quarrels to its judgment or to accept its decisions

  18. What does this war mean? • Loss of an entire generation of young men • A prolonged stalemated war… resulting in • New methods of fighting • Machine guns • Submarines • ‘dogfights’- airplanes • Tanks • Trench warfare • A peace treaty that will leave the continent on the verge of war again.

  19. Trench Warfare… not cool.

  20. Please stop the fighting…. I don’t like it when my peoples fight.

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