Developing a Vendor Base for Fusion Commercialization

1. Developing a Vendor Base for Fusion Commercialization Stan Milora, Director Fusion Energy Division Virtual Laboratory of Technology Martin Peng Fusion Energy Division

2. Relationship of Initiatives to Gaps (2007 FESAC Greenwald Panel) --------- Plasma Control S&T --------- -------- Fusion Nuclear S&T --------

3. Ed Synakowski, Associate DirectorOffice of Fusion Energy SciencesFebruary 28, 2012

4. US Industry already being engaged to design and build major ITER components (ORNL, PPPL, SRNL) Cooling, Diagnostics, Plasma Heating, Fueling and Exhaust Systems (Tritium), Electrical Network, S/C Magnets

6. 50 x higher ion fluxes 5000 x higher ion fluence 106 x higher neutron fluence (~1dpa) up to 5 x higher ion fluence 100 x higher neutron fluence (~150 dpa) Challenge: particle fluxes and fluence JET ITER Fusion Reactor

7. Plasma facing components encounter 20% of the fusion energy release as high surface heat and ion fluxes. Plasma facing components in JET and NSTX: first wall (A), rf antenna (B), and divertor (C) • Erosion and re-deposition, dust formation, and plasma contamination • Tritium implantation and retention strongly coupled to neutron damage • High average and transient heat fluxes • Surface ablation and melting . A B B C B

8. He in He out PbLi in PbLi out Tritium breeding and power extraction components volumetrically absorb 80 % of the fusion energy release via nuclear materials interactions. ITER dual cooled lead lithium (DCLL) tritium breeding test blanket concept • Hardening, loss of ductility and fracture toughness, thermal conductivity degradation • Void swelling, helium embrittlement • Activation • High temperature creep, thermo mechanical and magnetic stresses, corrosion • Thermo fluid flow and conducting fluid flow across magnetic fields • Tritium production, release, extraction and control Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel(RAFM) structure Power Density(W/cm3) Be first wall Nuclear/materials interaction in RAFM Depth in DCLL TBM(cm)

9. New ceramic materials and radiation-resistant steels with superior high-temperature strength for use in prototype fusion reactors have been developed. 100 nm 14-YWT oxide dispersion strengthened steel demonstrates stability of dispersion to 100 dpa irradiation @ 600 degrees C Type S Nicalon silicon carbide composite demonstrates stability of strength to 70 dpa irradiation @ 800 degrees C HFIR Atomic Probe Microscope

10. Fusion S&T in the ITER era High-performance, radiation-resistant ODS steels • Establish scientific basis for materials behavior in a fusion environment, tritium breeding, and reliable and efficient power extraction • Outcome: Facilitate transition from fusion physics to fusion engineering and from non-nuclear to full nuclear systems Vision Strategy • Fission and spallation neutron sources • Plasma control technologies • Computational fusion research • Materials science and engineering • Nuclear science and technology • National and international collaborations Leadership areas PMTS Infrastructure • Plasma Materials Test Stand (PMTS) to simulate FNSF plasma−surface conditions

11. ORNL: capable, experienced, readyto support fusion commercialization • Strong expertise in RF-technology, science and RF-plasma sources • World class material science • Experience with large scale nuclear facilities (HFIR) • Excellence in DOE Science research users’ facilities (SNS) • World leading computational center (Jaguar, Kraken) • U.S. ITER Project • Strong national and international collaborations (ASIPP and Juelich)