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Packaging for product protection

Packaging for product protection. Michael A. Mullen USDA ARS GMPRC Manhattan, KS. History of Packaging. 10,000 BCE to 800 CE …. Gourds, leaves, shells, skins, bladders, and human skulls 6200 - 1400 BCE… ………Pottery was used 3000 BCE………………….Glass 750 CE..…………………...Paper -1st documented use

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Packaging for product protection

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  1. Packaging for product protection Michael A. Mullen USDA ARS GMPRC Manhattan, KS

  2. History of Packaging • 10,000 BCE to 800 CE …. Gourds, leaves, shells, skins, bladders, and human skulls • 6200 - 1400 BCE… ………Pottery was used • 3000 BCE………………….Glass • 750 CE..…………………...Paper -1st documented use • 1618-1648…………………1st Use of paper bags • 1800’s……………………..Canned goods • 1894……………………….Corrugated paper • 1911……………………….Paper/paperboard • 1970……………………….Plastics, metallized films

  3. Definition: A package is a combination of materials, machinery, and economics that together provide protection, unification, and communication.

  4. Packaging aids in maintainingthe sanitation, health, and safety of the contained product.

  5. Insects will attack a wide variety of products including grain-based foods, dry soups, spices, candy, nut meats etc.

  6. A number of Biotic (Life) and Abiotic (Physical) factors affect the condition of the packaged product from the producer to the table.

  7. Climatic Cold Heat Light Rain Humidity Mechanical Handling Movement Sampling Stacking Other Pilferage Storage Abiotic Factors

  8. Molds Bacteria Rodents Urine & droppings Hanta virus Hairs Birds Droppings Mites Insects Penetrate or invade Contaminate food Destroy product Chemicals Pest control Contamination Biotic

  9. Packaging requires a significant proportion of raw materials produced including 1/4 of plastics, 1/2 of paper, and 85% of paperboard.

  10. A packaged commodity is a value added commodity!

  11. Consumer goodwill is either established or lost upon first contact with the packaged commodity.

  12. Even though infestation problems generally occur outside of the control of the manufacturer, consumers associate problems with the brand name.

  13. Surveys have shown if consumers have a good experience with a product they will tell 3-5 others; A bad experience will be toldto17-20others.

  14. Insects that attack packaged foods are classified as invaders or penetrators.

  15. Invaders enter through existing holes made by other pests or during the manufacturing process. Most insects are invaders.

  16. Penetrators are capable of chewing holes through most packaging materials. Most holes in packages are exit holes.

  17. Red and confused flour beetle Sawtoothed grain beetle Indianmeal moth larvae Merchant grain beetle Warehouse beetle adults & larvae Cigarette beetle adults & larvae Indianmeal moth larvae Rice weevil Lesser grain borer Which Insects Attack Packaged Foods?InvadersPenetrators

  18. The direction of penetration through a packaging material can be determined by examination with a microscope.

  19. Adult stored-product insects will deposit eggs in the crevices formed when packages are folded and sealed.

  20. ODOR is the primary means by which insects detect package contents.

  21. Recent studies have shown that even with an odor barrier, packages must be sealed tightly to prevent odor leaks.

  22. Sawtoothed grain beetles were exposed to pet food protected by a plastic film that was considered to be a good odor barrier.

  23. The larvae of the sawtoothed grain beetle were found to enter packages through small openings (<0.4 mm).

  24. Courtesy of Sharon Mowery, KSU

  25. In every instance the insects were able to find the flaws in the films.

  26. In another study, cookies packaged in plastic film with one 0.03 mm hole were 100% infested after 2 weeks. Control packages with no holes remained uninfested.

  27. Glues • Hot melt is better than cold melt for insect resistance because of flowability • Low temp hot melts are safer because they melt at 250ºC compared to 350ºC • Complete coverage is essential for infestation control

  28. Most glued seals or heat seals are imperfect and leave small openings that allow larvae to enter.

  29. Overwraps • Should be tight • Only minimally effective in reducing infestation • Smooth surface is more difficult for insects to climb

  30. Repellent treatments show promise, but do not provide long- term protection for packaged foods.

  31. Month % on Repellant 0 16.7+/-2.5** 1 26.7+/-2.7** 2 34.2+/-3.2** 3 45.8+/-3.4* 4 34.8+/-2.2** 5 34.2+/-2.7** 6 49.6+/-2.9 Month % on Repellant 0 7.0+/-1.3** 1 22.0+/-2.1** 2 32.0+/-3.0** 3 53.6+/-2.4 4 46.4+/-2.3 5 57.0+/-2.8 6 55.4+/-2.8 Red Flour Beetle

  32. Month % on Repellant 0 31.8+/-2.6** 1 32.6+/-3.5** 2 17.6+/-2.2** 3 34.8+/-2.2** 4 29.2+/-1.4** 5 28.0+/-2.8** 6 40.9+/- 4.0** Month % on Repellant 0 28.5+/-2.0** 1 19.8+/-2.4** 2 19.4+/-2.0** 3 17.9+/-1.9** 4 22.2+/-2.5** 5 37.2+/-2.7** 6 28.3+/-3.3** Sawtoothed Grain Beetle

  33. New Packages will be Flexible • Several factors will drive the way we package foods • These include anti-terrorist measures in our food supply will include tamper-proof designs, irradiation, inspections, plant security, etc • Innovative frugality

  34. Trends in Packaging • Trend toward to lighter packages • Flexible packaging and paperboard packaging • Pet foods have started the transition to plastic from multiwall paper because of improved shelf life and better graphics • Even plastic beer bottles for use at beaches and stadiums

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