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The Confounding Variable

The Confounding Variable. 09300170116 周彰珺. Causal Relationship. Building Argumentation. Example. Hypothesis: income  voting turnout Data from 1,296 cases Cross-tab analysis Correlated; statistically significant Finding: higher income  more voters vote. Is that all?. Examination.

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The Confounding Variable

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  1. The Confounding Variable 09300170116 周彰珺

  2. Causal Relationship Building Argumentation

  3. Example Hypothesis: income  voting turnout Data from 1,296 cases Cross-tab analysis Correlated; statistically significant Finding: higher income more voters vote

  4. Is that all?

  5. Examination • If education is divided into different levels…. • Low (less than high school) • Income & voting turnout: no correlation; insignificant • Medium (high school grad, but no college) • Income & voting turnout: correlation; insignificant • High (at least some college) • Income & voting turnout: much weaker correlation • Finding: education has made the relationship between income and voting turnout SPURIOUS

  6. Is that all?

  7. Conclusion

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