Greek and Latin roots

1. Greek and Latin roots How to construct and deconstruct words using Greek roots

2. Building blocks of words • Morphemes • The smallest unit of meaning in a language • They can be • words: the, table, Juan • parts of words that change the meaning: ex-, pro-, anti-, -ed, -ing, -ism • Phonemes • They are the different sounds in a language • Example: p, b, ā, ă • We use them to pronounce words • They have no meaning by themselves

3. Morphological system How do we build words? First you need to know the parts. • Root, base or stem: a morpheme that has meaning all by itself. • Examples: run, Maria, school, class, compute, chair, desk • Affix: a morpheme that attaches to a root to change the meaning of the word • Affixes can be attached to a base in the following manner • Prefix: attaches at the beginning of a word • Suffix: attaches at the end of a word Prefix + Root preorder Root + Suffix ditching

4. Why are we starting with the Greeks and romans? • Greek and Latin (language of Rome) are some of the languages that have contributed greatly to the English language. • Knowing many of the basic roots and affixes that come from the Greeks and Romans will allow you to break words down to ascertain their meaning. • We are exposed to Greek and Roman words, images, and ideas on a daily basis.

5. Quick history lesson 8th Century B.C. to 146 B.C. The Ancient Greek civilization flourished. They establish the foundations for Western European culture which are still seen today. Science, Warfare, Arts (literature, sculpture, theatre) Education, Democracy, Philosophy, Athletics 100 B.C. Educated people in the western Roman Empire spoke Latin. Today, this area is: Spain, Italy, France, and Portugal. Spanish, Italian, French, and Portuguese are descended from Latin and they are called “Romance” (Roman) languages. 43 A.D. Roman Emperor Claudius Caesar conquered Britain.

6. Examples of locations Elysium – A Greek paradise for the dead Elysian Park – Where you find Dodgers Staduim Echo – A nymph cursed to repeat words Echo Park – A neighborhood in Los Angeles

7. Examples of Brands Nike – Goddess of VictoryNike – Shoe Brand Pandora – Girl cursed by the gods Pandora Radio – Popular Internet App Ajax – Mighty Greek warrior Ajax – Mighty cleaner

8. Everyday words • Days of the week • Monday (Lunes) – named after Artemis the moon goddess • Sunday – named after Apollo the sun god • Scientific names • Arachnoids are spiders, named after the girl Arachne who was turned into a spider • Pyrotechnics are fireworks, named after Pryoa fire-breathing horse • Planets in our solar system are named after the Roman gods • Generic words • Hero comes from the Greek heros which means demi-god • Clothes comes from one of the fates, named Clotho • For fun • Zodiac signs (Gemini the twins are Castor and Pollux)

9. How will we learn these morphemes? I’m glad you asked.

10. Denotation/ Dictionary Definition (Own Words) Examples Morpheme Prefix, Root, Suffix Use in Context Visual Representation

11. Denotation/ Dictionary Definition (Own Words) Examples Archangel Archetype Archaic The chief, primary, or first of something. It is the major or most important thing. Arch Root Use in context Visual Representation 1 The building is archaic. It was one of the first in the city. The archangels are the most important angels. !