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Topic 9 Video

Topic 9 Video. Introduction to Multimedia. Lecture Objectives. Implication of using digital video in multimedia Discuss video recording and how it relates to multimedia production Describe digital video and images for conversion to television

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Topic 9 Video

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  1. Topic 9 Video Introduction to Multimedia

  2. Lecture Objectives • Implication of using digital video in multimedia • Discuss video recording and how it relates to multimedia production • Describe digital video and images for conversion to television • Select the best video recording formats for your multimedia project • Begin preparing video for the Web and CD-ROM

  3. How Video Works? • When light reflected from an object passes through a video camera lens, that light is converted into an electronic signal by a special sensor called charge-coupled device(CCD). • Signal output (RGB) is the preferred method for higher-quality and professional video work.

  4. Definitions • Tracking • Fine adjustments of the tape so the tracks are properly aligned as the tape moves across the playback head. • Degaussing • An electronic process that readjusts the magnets that guide the electrons

  5. Analog Display Standards • NTSC • System for broadcasting set by 1952 National Television Standards Committee • Defines a method for encoding information into the electronic signal that ultimately created a television picture. • Interlacing – technique helps to prevent flicker on television screens. • Computer monitor uses different progressive-scan technology

  6. Analog Display Standards • PAL • Phase Alternate Line • Used in the UK, Western Europe, Australia, South Africa, China and South America • Increase screen resolution to 625 horizontal lines • SECAM • Sequential Color and Memory (SECAM) • Used in France, Eastern Europe, former USSR • Differ in basic technology and broadcast method

  7. Analog Display Standards • ATSC DTV • Advanced Television Systems Committee • Provides high resolution in a 16:9 aspect ratio • Allows viewing of Cinemascope and Panavision movies.

  8. Digital Display Standards • Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) • Boasts theater quality because it uses Dolby Digital AC-3 format to provide 5.1 channel surround sound. • Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) • Defines physical layer and data link layer of distribution system • Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) • Allow radio and television stations to convert to digital format.

  9. Overscan • Common practice in television industry to broadcast an image larger than will fit on a standard TV screen so that the ‘edge’ of the image seen by a viewer is always bounded by the TV’s physical frame, or BEZEL • In contrast, computer monitor displays a smaller image on the picture tube (underscan) leaving a black border inside the BEZEL.

  10. Digital Video – Setting up Production Environment • Computer with FireWire connection and cables • Fast processors • Plenty of RAM • Hard disk storage • Second display to allow for more real estate • Audio mixer to adjust sound output from the camcorder • External speakers • Television monitor

  11. Digital Video Architecture • Made up of a format for encoding and playing back video files by a computer and includes a player that can recognize and play files created for that format. • Major digital video architectures are Apple’s QuickTime, Microsoft’s Windows Media Format and RealNetwork’s RealMedia

  12. What is a CoDec? • Algorithm used to compress (code) a video for delivery and then decode it in real time for fast playback. • Real time compression includes MPEG, Indeo, JPEG, Cinepak and Sorenson • Streaming technologies include Adobe Flash, Windows Media, QuickTime and RealPlayer

  13. MPEG • Developed by Moving Picture Experts Group • MPEG1- MPEG7 Release • MPEG21- under development • Provide Rights Expression Language

  14. Video Recording and Tape Formats • Composite Analog Video • Combines luminance and chroma information from the video signal • Produces lowest quality video and most susceptible to generation loss – loss of quality that occurs as you move from original footage to edit master to copy. • Used for VHS • Component Analog Video • Similar function to the above, but to decrease generation loss.

  15. Optimizing Video Files for CD-ROM • Flattening – interleave audio and video segments together. Limit amount of synchronization between video and audio. • Use regularly spaced key frames, 10 to 15 frames apart to correct seek time delays. Seek time – how long it takes the CD-ROM player to locate specific data on the CD-ROM disc. • Video window’s size and frame rate affect performance. The more data that has to be decompressed and transferred from the CD-ROM to the screen, the slower the playback.

  16. Optimizing Video Files for CD-ROM • Lower sampling rate and sample size to reduce quantity of audio data • Software compression algorithm • Defragment your files before burning the master

  17. Topic 10 Hardware

  18. Lecture Objectives • Discuss the two computer platforms most often used in multimedia and choose an appropriate platform for a project • Understand how computers are networked and select the appropriate tools to connect workstations • Select the appropriate output devices for project during development and deployment • Understand communications devices and protocols that are used in multimedia development

  19. Macintosh vs. Windows Macintosh • All Macintoshes can record and play sound • Many include hardware and software for digitizing and editing video and producing DVD discs. • Mostly requires a computer mouse Windows • Basic system configuration

  20. Connections • SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) - installed and connecting external peripherals such as hard disk, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, printers, scanners, etc - connect both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL devices • IDE,IEDE, Ultra IDE, ATA, Ultra ATA - internal connections (hard disk, drives) • USB - Compaq, IBM, MS, Intel, NEC formed to promote USB. • FireWire (IEEE1394)

  21. Images

  22. Memory and Storage Devices • RAM (Random Access Memory) • ROM (Read Only Memory) • Floppy and Hard disks • Zip, Jaz, Syquest, and Optical Storage Devices • Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) • Flash or Thumb drives • CD-ROM Players • CD Recorders • CD-RW

  23. Input Devices • Keyboards • Mice • Trackballs • Touchscreens • Magnetic Card Encoders and Readers • Graphic Tablets • Scanners • OCR Devices • Infrared Remotes • Voice Recognition Systems • Digital Cameras

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