Legal pluralism

1. Legal pluralism Introduction

2. What is Legal Pluralism? Monist Law Legal Pluralism From Kleinhans & Macdonald, What is a Critical Legal Pluralism?

3. Monist View of Law • “Law is only about those forms, processes and institutions of normative ordering that find their origins and legitimacy in the political State and its emanations” • Law as explicit creation of human agency • Law has an unlimited capacity to reorder social life • Interpreted and applied • Kleinhans & Macdonald, What is a Critical Legal Pluralism

4. Pluralistic View of Law “Law is the most organized, comprehensive, institutionalized and sophisticated agency of social control” Kleinhans & Macdonald, What is a Critical Legal Pluralism

5. Pluralistic View of LawMontesquieu Montesquieu, De L’Esprit des lois, I

6. Pluralistic View of Law Roman Law Ius Gentium Ius Civile From Kleinhans & Mcdonald, What is a Critical Legal Pluralism?

7. Spectrum

8. The legal dimensions of everyday life Daniel Jutras

9. Jutras Understanding informal normativity helps us to understand State Law picture

11. Law and everyday life share logic • Norms exist in “microsystems”. – Order behaviour – Set boundaries, create expectations – Help us cooperate – Express, but also mediate, power differentials – Susceptible to expiry, reform, change • “Microsystems” and formal law exist on a continuum.

12. Law and everyday life interact • Law takes from our understandings of everyday justice • Law depends on societal normativety and implicit understandings to function – Ex. Formal contracts usually contain only a small part of the total agreed practices between parties

13. Critiques to Jutras • Have we actually learned much? • Fitting the pieces together gets messy. • What about the differences? Formal law doesn't use trial and error Formal law tries to be very explicit Formal law is backed by state coercion • Different phenomena sometimes share similar logic. • Academic imperialism: bad social science.

14. Droit: une carte de la lecture déformé pour une conception post-moderne du droit Boaventura de Sousa Santos

15. 3 Metamorphoses of Law Nietzsche Santos

16. Camelisation of Law

17. The toppling of Saddam Hussein’s Statue

20. Question Truth is there, but what happened to the reality?

21. Cartography as the lens(3 mechanisms) 1) Scale 2) Projection 3) Symbolization

22. Scale: a labour example Local/Large-scale National/Medium-scale World/Small-scale

23. The legal orders act on the same social terrain • “Ainsi, les différents ordres juridiques qui agissent à différentes échelles transforment les mêmes objets sociaux en des objets juridiques différents” (p/ 391)

24. Projection • Center and periphery • Ego-centric vs. geocentric law • Projection is NOT a neutral act • “Le capital juridique d’un ordre juridique donné n’est pas également distribué dans l’espace juridique de ce même ordre” (p/ 395)

25. Projection example What is at the center? Contracts at the center of law • refugees • asylum seekers • illegal immigrants • stateless peoples • Mediation • Truth and reconciliation • Restorative justice • Contracts • Social? • Private? • Indigenous peoples Other examples?

26. Egocentric law: • Example: Lebanon • Law based on personal characteristics: religion, ethnicity, community group, caste, gender • Geocentric law: • Weber: law of a territory • Gives rise to legal centrism/state-centric law

27. Santos: • “La question de l’interaction historique des deux légalités, géocentrique et égocentrique, ne peut pas trancher irrévocablement en faveur de la légalité géocentrique. Certaines évolutions juridiques actuelles semblent prouver l’émergence de particularismes juridiques nouveaux” • (p/ 397)

28. Symbolization • Homeric Style of Law= Contracts, Disputes =Instrumental Legality 2) Biblical Style of Law= The idea of multilayeredness

29. Critiques *** Legal Pluralism & Democracy? *** Legal Pluralism & Practicality? ***Legal Pluralism & Power? ***Legal Pluralism & Chameleonism? ***Legal Pluralism & Colonialism?

30. What is a critical legal pluralism Kleinhans and Macdonald

31. Kleinhans and MacdonaldWhat is a Critical Legal Pluralism “Contemporary pluralistic imaginations rest on the same impoverished view of law and its subjects that sustains the traditional claim that law compromises only the process and institutions emanating from the modern political state” • A critical legal pluralism imagines legal subjects as "law inventing" and not merely and "law abiding".

33. Sites of Human Interaction = Sites of LegalRegulation

34. A Critical Legal Pluralism Legal subjects are "law inventing" and not merely "law abiding" • A critical legal pluralism distances itself from traditional legal pluralist accounts of law in its rejection of law's positivity.

35. The Rejection of Law’s Positivity

36. Elevation of the Legal Subject

37. Critique to legal pluralism

38. Critique to Legal Pluralism

40. 1. Analytic ProblemBrian Z. Tamanaha Danger of the conclusion : All forms of social control are law 1. Issue: Santos “this very broad conception of law can easily lead to the trivialization of law

41. 2.Analytic Problem Brian Z. Tamanaha 2.Issue: What is Law? H.L.A Hart: “Few question concerning human society have been asked with such persistence and answered by serious thinkers in so many diverse, estrange and paradoxical way” (Hart, The Concept of Law, 1961)

42. Instrumental Problems Brian Z. Tamanaha 3. Issue: Inability of data gathering and delimited observation for research

43. Law originates from knowledge, as a process of creating and maintain myths about reality (p.39) Critical Legal Pluralism In Perspective A critical legal pluralism seeks neither a separation nor an eventual hierarchical reconciliation of legal orders (p.39) Sites of human interaction = Sites of regulation

44. Law

45. Where do we stop speaking of law and find ourselves simply describing social life? (Tamanaha, Brian, “A non-essentialist version of Legal Pluralism” p.303)