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Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems - C age fish culture in the Mediterranean - ( Cyprus

Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems - C age fish culture in the Mediterranean - ( Cyprus and France). EVAD Project – Évaluation de la durabilité des systèmes de production aquacoles Montpellier, November 24-25 th , 2008. Mediterranean fish culture in cage .

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Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems - C age fish culture in the Mediterranean - ( Cyprus

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  1. Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture productionsystems- Cage fish culture in the Mediterranean -(Cyprus and France) EVAD Project – Évaluation de la durabilité des systèmes de production aquacoles Montpellier, November 24-25th, 2008

  2. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  3. Mediterraneanfish culture Mediterranean seabass and seabream production between 200 and 250 000 T 99% of total produced in cages Greece, Turkey, Italy and Spain produce around 90% France (cages) and Cyprus produce both around 2 500 T Strong governmental incentives to move the cages from the sea shore to more offshore No development of cage farming in France in the last 15 years / quick development in other countries

  4. 15% 60% 62% 23% 14% 26% Mediterraneanfish culture Total production (%) Number of companies (%) Disparition of the medium size companies Concentration of the production source : University of Stirling, 2004

  5. Fish culture in some mediterranean countries Number of companies (%) National production (%) In Greece and France, 70 to 80% of the production from few large size companies (less than 35% of the farms) In Turkey and Italy, 70 to 80% of the production from medium and small size companies (more than 90% of the farms) source : University of Stirling, 2004

  6. Mediterranean fish culture main characteristics Large range of farm size / production structure among the countries Periodic price crisis due to overproduction - in 2000-2002, 2008… Restructuration of the production systems mainly accelerated by the crisis • financial losses : loss of capital • farm disappearing / regrouping in financial holding (multi-sites) - up-scaling of the production unit - technological innovations (offshore) - production segmentation : subcontracting and specialization

  7. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  8. Typology of the mediterraneanfarms • Difficulties for collecting on the field information in Greece, Spain, Turkey, Croatia and Italy: Difficult access to true key data for foreign experts due to a strong competition of the farms on the international market • Mediterranean field restricted to Cyprus and France • Partner farms : 4 farms in Cyprus and 8 farms in France • Nevertheless, representation of the main features of the Mediterranean sector

  9. Typology of the farms

  10. Typology of the farms

  11. Typology of the farms • 3 types of marine cage farms : • Small size < 100 T/year • Large size > 500 T / year familial capital • Large size > 500 T / year open capital

  12. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  13. Main steps and contributors in the Mediterranean Typology of the fish culture systems Olivier Brunel Syndhia Mathé Eva Moisset Edouard Geoffray Regulation systems analysis Perception inquieries - data collection in Cyprus Perception inquieries - data collection in France P. C. and check-list of indicators Selection and validation of the indicators Construction and quantification of the indicators Quiterie Sourget Emmanuelle Roque Sustainability diagnostic

  14. Stake holders and inquiries Feedmanufacturers(BIOMAR)Hatcheries (LPDS, SAGRO LTD) Nature NGO WWF France, IUCN, AKTI Administration Affaires maritimes PACA, Corse, Alpes Maritimes; PACA Cyprusfishingdepartment Conseil regional L.R. Regulation system analysis and perception inquiries Producers (8 in France, 4 in Cyprus) Producers organisations (FEAP, SFAM, CIPA, FFA, EAS, Cyprusaquacultor organisation) Researchers IFREMER, IEO, Cyprus national research Veterinary services (DSV Var, Alpes Maritimes, Cyprus services) Engineering compagnies IDEE, Aqualog, BRU Consultants (2 in Cyprus) Retailors (Marée Phocéenne) GMS (CASINO, METRO) Restaurant, fish shop

  15. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  16. Selection and validation of the P.C.I. Stakeholder selection (35 participants) Global List : 17 principles 103 criteria > 200 indicators Mediterranean List : 17 principles 85 criteria 157 indicators Expert selection 7 principles 20 criteria 30 indicators 13 principles Expert decision Stakeholder validation (46% of the selection group) 25 criteria 45 indicators

  17. Selection and validation of the P.C.I. Feedmanufacturers(BIOMAR) Hatchery (PDS, SAGRO LTD) Nature NGO WWF France, IUCN, AKTI Administration Affaires maritimes PACA, Corse, Alpes Maritimes; PACA Cyprusfishingdepartment Conseil regional Producers (8 in France, 4 in Cyprus) Producers organisations (FEAP, SFAM, CIPA, FFA, EAS, Cyprusaquacultor organisation) Researchers IFREMER, IEO, Cyprus national research Veterinary services (DSV Var, Alpes Maritimes, Cyprus services) Engineering compagnies 1 French Retailors (Marée Phocéenne) GMS (CASINO, METRO) Restaurant, fish shop

  18. Mediterraneanprinciples P1 Contribute to meet nutritional needs P2 Develop approaches which promote quality P3 Respect of natural resources and of environmental carrying capacity P4 Improve the ecological yield of the activity P5 Protect biodiversity and respect animal well-being P6 Increase the capacity to cope with uncertainties and crises P7 Strengthen the long term future of exploitations P8 Strengthen sectorial organisation and identity P9 Strengthen social investment ofcompanies P10 Strengthen the role of aquaculture in local development P11 Promote participation and governance information P12 Strengthen research and sector-related information exchange P13 Strengthen the role of States and public actors in promotion of sustainable development

  19. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  20. Indicators and criteria • 45 indicators in total (quantified): • 13 of them are specific for the Mediterranean • 53% for evaluation at the company level • 25% for evaluation at the territory level • 22% common to company and territory • Sustainability analysis using criteria and principles : • Criteria (quantified using indicators) analysis : • By ‘pillar’: economical, environmental, social and institutional per type of farm • By type of contribution: companies or territory, per group of pillars (eco. + enviro. and socio + Instit.) and per type of farm • Principle (quantified using criteria) analysis • Global analysis per type of farm

  21. Small farms Large - open capital Large - familial capital Average Criteriaanalysis -Economicalpillar Large size farms are more solid than small size farms All farms: Lack of innovation (P6C2) / mutualisation Small size farms : better level of value enhancement (P2C3) (niche and proximity markets) / Price differential related to local market Large size farms : better supply control (P6C5) / Fry and feed prices, fry availabity Better level of awarness of pathological risks (P6C8) / Biological alarm system Better level of financial autonomy (P7C4)

  22. Small farms Large - open capital Large -familial capital Average Criteriaanalysis -Environmentalpillar Large size farms are more environmental friendly - Respect of carrying capacity (P3C6 and P3C4) because they are installed more far from the coast / Autoepuration capacity, high water velocity under cages… - Better control of the genetic pollution (P5C1) / escapees control

  23. Small farms Large - open capital Large -familial capital Average Criteriaanalysis -Social pillar Large size farms are more socially sustainable on average All farms produce high quality healthy products (P1C4) Small size farms : - Better access to information (P9C5) / seminar participation - Better level of contribution to local economy (P10C5) / local production, pluriactivity Large size farms : larger contribution to fish availability (P1C1)

  24. Small farms Large - open capital Large -familial capital Average Criteriaanalysis -Institutionnalpillar Large farms present a better average profil Small size farms : - Better recognition of their contribution to sustainable development (P13C1) - Receive higher financial aids from administration (P13C3) / for research and formation

  25. Small farms average Large farms average Crtieriaanalysis –Territorylevel Economy and environment Large size farms are more sustainable except for the innovation / mutualisation of production factors (P6C2) Social and institutionnal  Small farms are more sustainable for: - the level of contribution to the local economy (P10C5) - the level of commitment of the State towards the industry (P13C3 / financial aids for research and formation); (due to internalization of formation and R & D )

  26. Small farms average Large farms average Criteriaanalysis –Companylevel • Economy and environment • Large size farms more sustainable except for: • The level of the innovation (P6C2) /mutualisation of production factorsdue to the entrepreneurial structure of production (segmentation and specialisation) • - Thelevel of value enhancement (P2C3) /price differential related to local market Social and institutionnal Small farms are more sustainable for: - The access to information (P9C5) / seminar participation - The recognition of their contribution to sustainable development (P13C1)

  27. Sustainabilityanalysis -Principles

  28. Sustainabilityanalysis - Conclusion Similar results of analysis based on principles / criteria : - Better global average sustainability of the large size farms - Better social investment and contribution to local economy of small size farms • Important to clearly define the entity to be considered: for instance large farms (several sites and segmented production system) internalize research and training of their employees and mutualise some of their tools, which is not considered in the evaluation of P9C5 (access to information) and P6C2 (mutualisation of the production factors) Analysis based on only 2 countries and few farms

  29. Mediterranean fish culture in cage Typology of Mediterranean farms Stake holders and inquiries Selection and validation of the P. C. I. Sustainability diagnostic Conclusion and prospects

  30. Conclusion and prospects • Powerful method taking into account all aspects • of sustainability • + Exhaustive representation of sustainability • Necessitates a strong involvement of all stakeholders • Answer to a demand • National actors • Long lasting involvement

  31. Conclusion and prospects 1- INDAM project (CGPM – CAQ), meeting next Thursday and friday 2- Answer a EU call aimed at defining means to improve sustainability of aquaculture (all types) in Mediterranean countries, based on: - Key partners in each countries (national multi-stakeholder platforms) - A ‘method’ core group (backup for key partners, international multi-stakeholder platforms) - A tool to monitor sustainability developments

  32. Thank you for your attention

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