Dynamics of productive spaces in globalization – The United States

1. Dynamics of productive spaces in globalization – The United States

2. Introduction • What are Productive Spaces? • Spaceswhichgenerateeconomicgrowth, such as: • Hubs of the Transportation Industry • Technology clusters • Areas of Agricultural production

4. Preview • Chicago – a multimodal platform and world hub • SiliconValley– an innovation cluster • Oregon and Iowa – spaces of agricultural production in globalization

5. Key Questions • Whatis the importance and the global role of Chicago’stransportation hub? • In whatways are innovative clusters a fundamental factor of beingcompetitive? • How has NAFTA affected U.S. agricultural exports? • What new challenges does the agricultural industry face withglobalizedtradingpartners? • What are the dynamics of productive spaces?

6. Why are Transportation Hubs “enablers” of Globalization? • U.S. Airline industry deregulated in 1974 • major impact on the structure of the air transport network • The hub-and-spoke system, • most efficient method of production for the airlines, • tends to create and reinforce inequalities between places. • Example: difference between those cities that serve as the hub for a particular airline and generally have better if more expensive service than cities that are at the ends of spokes. • Conclusion: • Transportation Hubs are responsible for many of the processes that are associated with globalization

7. “It is well acknowledged that globalization has been supported by • improvements in transport technology and massive investments in • transport infrastructures. The result has been a space/time collapse of • global proportions, which has shrunk the transactional space and enabled • extended exploitation of the comparative advantages of space in terms of • resources, capital and labor”.

8. Video : Logistics Clusters 0'08 – 1'12

9. Chicago, Illinois

10. Chicago basic facts • 3rd largestcity in the U.S. after New York and Los Angeles • Chicago, locatedcentrallybetween the coasts, has the best location on the railroad network, soitbecame the largest city in the Midwest. • Chicago, a major Great Lakes port, is the commercial, financial, industrial, and cultural hub of the Midwest. The bustling city, the mostpopulous in Illinois with a population of about 3 million, isknown for its architecture. • A Global City, ranked 12th globally in 2012

11. Chicago Fun Facts • The name Chicago comes from the native American word for “stinky onion” named after the wild onions that grow along Lake Michigan • Chicago's nickname, the Windy City, may have been coined by politicians from Springfield, Illinois, when describing Chicago's politicians as "windbags" due to their long-winded speeches. • The legendary Route 66’s starting point isat Buckingham Fountain in downtown Chicago and stretches to Los Angeles, California.

12. A Little Background • Chicago’s History • “Rough-and-tumble-business Chicago after the Great Fire was a regional capital, and in many ways, because of its innovations in industrial method and in architecture, because of its mixture of brutal wickedness and revolutionary newness, the blood of the Yards, the showpiece gems of the Lakefront, the seething of its immigrant slums, because of its violence, corruption, and creative energy, it was also a world city.” • Video: Chicago’s History Episode 2 10’16

13. Geography set Chicago at the crossroads of the nation and itsresources

14. Location, Location, Location • WhyisChicago’s location especially relevant to itsrole as a hub for movementacross the nation?

15. Chicago: The Transportation Hub of the U.S. • O'HareAirport • country's second-busiestairport • Base of United Airlines • handles more than 61.5 million passengersfromJanuary to November 2013 • serves as a way station for the world'seconomicebb and flow • Midway Airport

16. Highways • Has more highwaysenteringitsregionthanany U.S. city • Principal national interstatehighwayspassthrough Chicago and radiateoutwardfrom the city • Source: Global Cities Initiative and U.S. ArmyCorp of Engineers, Navigation Data Center

17. Other Modes of Transportation • Rail Freight • Intermodal transportation • moves more rail freightthananyother American city • Easternrailroadsterminate in Chicago and rail lineswest, north and southstart in Chicago • Port • Largestinlandgeneral cargo port in America • Source: Global Cities Initiative and U.S. ArmyCorp of Engineers, Navigation Data Center Arrival and Departure of Trains on Railway lines Loading and Unloading of trucks with easy access to highways

18. Illinois International Port district • Sits in the center of the Mid West industrial base and the agricultural heart of America • Seawayand Great Lakesmeet the Illinois and inlandwaterway system at Chicago • Beginning and end of barge trafficbetween the Seaway, inland points, Gulf of Mexico through Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and the Arkansas Rivers

21. How can you explain the trend of diminishing tonnage going through the Great Lake ports?

22. Case Study: O’Hare Airport

23. Terminal 1, O’Hare Airport Lightway connecting terminals

24. More Recent Events • After 9/11, reduction in air traffic • Studies done on O’Hare indicating the necessity for modernization • Plans for a new runway, $8 million new investment, ten year project • Outcome for first stages of plan - reduction in flight delays (many due to weather conditions)

28. Case Study: O’Hare Airport • Negative aspects: Noise Pollution • residents complain of increased noise pollution • Video: Parkridge • O’Hare noise • problems ABC 2009 • Video: Balancing Modernization with Communities 4’42

30. Surrounded in Orange line, proposed sound barrierPurple line affected by noise pollution of new runway

31. Chicago: a global city • See worksheet. • Where does Chicago rank highest as a global city? • Where does it rank lowest?

32. University of Chicago • University of Chicago, private research university founded in 1890 • One of the world's premier academic and research institutions • The university enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and about 15,000 students overall. • The University of Chicago consistently ranks as one of the world’s top ten universities and has more Nobel Laureates in economics than any other university in the world. • Their faculty count amongst the world’s leading researchers in a broad range of disciplines and are committed to fostering that tradition of excellence in their graduate and undergraduate students

33. Northwestern University • Northwestern University • Northwestern has one of the largest university endowments in the United States, valued at $7.9 billion in 2013.[7] One of only 62 institutions elected to the Association of American Universities (1917), Northwestern was awarded more than $500 million in research grants in 2010–2011, placing it in the first tier of the major research universities in the United States

34. Art Institute of Chicago • knownfor its collection of impressionist, post-impressionist, and American art. The center housesmanymasterworks, such as Self-Portrait (Vincent Van Gogh), Nighthawks (Edward Hopper), SundayAfternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (Georges-Pierre Seurat) and The OldGuitarist (Pablo Picasso). The institutewasconstructed in 1893 as part of the World’sColumbian Exposition

35. Tribune Tower • The Neo-Gothic Tribune Toweris home to the Chicago Tribune. The towerwasdesigned by John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood, who won the Tribune's international design competition in 1922. A vast collection of stones from sites around the world are set in the limestonefoundation of the building'stower.

36. Picasso Sculpture • Located in the Daley Plaza, the sculpture was a gift from Pablo Picasso to Chicago. The untitledwork by Picasso wasdedicated in 1967; itis 58 feettall and weighs 162 tons. Because the pieceisuntitled, many have speculated about what the sculpture actuallydepicts. • Pablo Picasso nevervisited Chicago.

37. Field Museum of Natural History • First named the ColumbianMuseum of Chicago, the museum'snamewaschanged to the Field Museum of Natural History in 1905 in honor of Marshall Field, the first major benefactor of the museum. The museumoriginallyopened in 1893 and wasmoved to the Museum Campus in 1921. The museumhouses extensive collections of anthropological and biologicalexhibits. The museumis home to “Sue," the largest and mostcompleteTyrannosaurus Rexfossilskeleton, and the remains of the Lions of Tsavo.

38. 333 Wacker Drive • Designed by architectsKohn Pedersen Fox, the unusuallyshaped 333 Wacker Drive wasconstructedfrom 1979 to 1983. The rearhalf of the building follows the guidelines of the city grid, while the otherhalffeatures a curved façade thatfollows the bend of the Chicago River. The green-glass curtain reflectsitssurroundings and creates a spectacularvisualexperience. Fun

39. Harold Washington Library Center • Taking up an entire city block, the Harold Washington Library Center wasrecognized as the world'slargest public library by the Guinness Book of World Records.

40. Wrigley Field • Wrigley Field, built in 1914, wasoriginallynamedWeeghman Park. The parkbecame the official home of the Chicago Cubs in 1916 and wentthroughseveralname changes beforefinallybeingnamedaftergummagnate and then-owner of the Cubs, William Wrigley Jr., in 1926. Today, the stadium is the second oldestactive baseball stadium in the country.