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9D – New Seats Front of room If you have a question or concern let me know at the END of class – stay in this seat for today. Christine. Hannah. Lorreno. Davnys. Joas. Trae. Dyani. Courtney. Rayoni. Kayla. Samantha. Nicholas. Jackson. Nekeyla. Owen. Devon. Carlheb. Warren.

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  1. 9D – New Seats Front of room If you have a question or concern let me know at the END of class – stay in this seat for today. Christine Hannah Lorreno Davnys Joas Trae Dyani Courtney Rayoni Kayla Samantha Nicholas Jackson Nekeyla Owen Devon Carlheb Warren Loveng Celeste Miguel Marcelo

  2. Bio 9D: Tuesday, 2.1.11Transition to Semester 2 • Homework: • Read pages 291-296 and take active reading notes. • Summarize DNA’s structure and how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Silent Do Now: • Complete the Semester 1/Midterm Exam Reflection • Today’s Objectives: • Reflect on Semester 1 and the Midterm Exam • Provide feedback and set goals for Semester 2 • Identify your current knowledge and questions about genetics.

  3. Preview of Genetics:DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes • Count off by 6’s • Tables in the back (2 for each word) • DNA • Genes • Chromosomes • At your table: • Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two • One side: Write down everything you know about the word • Other side: Write down questions you have • After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add to the other posters

  4. 9D: Seats Front of room Celeste Davnys Trae Rayoni Dyani Christine Owen Nicholas Loveng Joas Nekeyla Kayla Warren Hannah Samantha Jackson Marcelo Courtney Lorreno Miguel Carlheb Devon

  5. Bio 9D: Thursday, 2.3.11Title: DNA Structure & Function • Homework: • Read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes. • Summarize how DNA replicates! • Finish the Semester 1 Reflection packet if you haven’t already • Silent Do Now – on the worksheet • Study the diagram of Genetic Information in Cells. • Answer the Fill-in-the-Blanks on the back of the diagram • Pass your Semester 1 Reflection packet forward if it’s finished • Today’s Objectives: • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other. • Describe the structure of DNA.

  6. Introduction to Genetics:DNA – Structure & Function PHA Biology 9 Moretti/ Dickson

  7. Intro to Genetics:DNA Structure & Function • Genetics: the study of heredity • What determines an organism’s traits (characteristics)? • How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and from parents to offspring? • DNA: the molecule that carries genetic information • DNA has two important functions: • Carry instructions for making proteins that determine your traits • Replicate – make exact copies of itself so it can be passed on • DNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells)

  8. Do Now: Genetic Info in Cells Chromosomes Very long, coiled/bunched up strands of DNA that contain many genes Nucleotide Base Pairs Building blocks of DNA DNA Gene:Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

  9. DNA Structure • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  10. DNA Structure • “Building Blocks” = Nucleotides • Deoxyribose Sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogenous Base • DNA Polymer = chain of nucleotides • Ladder: Uncoiled • Double Helix: 2 long coiled strands • Sides: alternating phosphates & sugars • Middle/ “Rungs” of ladder: • Pairs of Nitrogenous Bases connected by Hydrogen bonds • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  11. DNA Structure: Base Pairing • 4 Nitrogen Bases: • Adenine • Guanine • Thymine • Cytosine • Base Pairing: • A ---- T Hydrogen bonds connect them • G ---- C • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  12. DNA Structure: Images • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  13. Write down this DNA Sequence: G A T A C A T G C G What is the sequence for the complementary (aka matching) DNA strand?

  14. How do we know about DNA Structure?Don’t need to write this – just listen! • Chargaff: A=T and C=G • Rosalind Franklin: • Actual X-ray of DNA • Showed double-helix structure • Died young due to X-rays! • Didn’t get credit for her contributions… pretty messed up! • Watson & Crick: Built a model using this evidence • (They got all of the credit – initially) • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  15. 9D –Seats Front of room If you have a question or concern let me know at the END of class – stay in this seat for today. Christine Hannah Lorreno Davnys Joas Trae Dyani Courtney Rayoni Kayla Samantha Nicholas Jackson Nekeyla Owen Devon Carlheb Warren Loveng Celeste Miguel Marcelo

  16. Bio 9D: Friday, 2.4.11Title: DNA Replication & Modeling • Homework: • Finish the Discussion Questions for Part 2 of the DNA Lab • Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date) • Based on yesterday’s class: How do genes, chromosomes, nucleotides, and DNA relate to each other? • Based on last night’s HW: What is the first thing you would need to do with this DNA molecule in order to copy it? Today’s Agenda & Objectives: • Review the Do Now – how genes, chromosomes, etc. relate • Describe the steps of DNA replication (very brief notes) • Build a model of DNA and use it to show how DNA replicates (Modeling-Building Lab)

  17. Do Now Review • Volunteers to read aloud their answer to #1 of the Do Now? • Grade your answer out of 3 points: • Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA – they come together to form DNA • One piece of DNA (used to make one protein) is a gene • A long piece of DNA containing many genes is a chromosome

  18. DNA Replication: Overview

  19. DNA Replication: Overview • DNA can make an exact copy of itself! • Happens every time a cell needs to reproduce • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  20. Steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA Unwinds & Unzips: • Hydrogen Bonds break • Separates into 2 single strands 2. DNA Polymerase adds complementary (matching) nucleotides to each side(templates) 3. Finished Product: 2 NEW identical double-strands of DNA are produced • DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the new strands • Each new strand twists back up to form 2 double helices • Objectives for Class: • List the steps of DNA replication

  21. DNA Replication Note: TheRED Strandis the Original Strand • Objectives for Class: • List the steps of DNA Replication

  22. DNA Model Building Lab: Part I Part I: Constructing DNA • Build 36 nucleotides • Count out the following and put the rest in a pile for later: 5 A 5 T 4 C 4 G • Build a double-stranded DNA molecule with these 18 nucleotides • Record your DNA Sequence in the table Then answer the questions and go on to Part 2 • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA.

  23. Partners for DNA Modeling LabYour partner is at your same table, not across from you! Lorreno Miguel Kayla Carlheb Devon Marcelo Owen Warren Samantha Nekeyla Christine Davnys TraeLoveng Jackson Joas Hannah Nicholas Dyani Courtney Rayoni Celeste

  24. DNA Model Building Lab: Part II Part II: Replicating DNA • Unzip your DNA molecule by breaking the H-bonds • Add new nucleotides to match up with each original strand • You should now have 2 double helixes. How do their sequences compare? • When finished: • Take all pieces apart and put them back in the bags • Answer the Discussion Questions for Part 2 • Objectives for Class: • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.

  25. Bio 9D: Monday, 2.7.11Title: Wrap-Up: DNA Structure & Replication • Homework: • Read Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249) • Take notes – see Q’s on assignment sheet • Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date) 1. Write the complementary base sequence to this single strand of DNA 2. Which of the pictures below best illustrates DNA replication? Why? G A A C G T C. B. A.

  26. Take out your DNA Modeling Lab… • Check to be sure that all questions are complete • Did you label everything that’s supposed to be labeled? • Did you answer all parts of every question? • If yes: Pass it forward • If no: Hold onto it, fix it after hearing the instructions for today

  27. Wrap-Up:DNA Structure & Replication Today’s Objective: • Solidify your knowledge of last week’s goals! • Describe the structure of DNA. • Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other • Describe the steps of DNA replication • Explain how DNA’s structure allows it to replicate. How you will do this: • DNA Review Activities • You must complete at least 1 activity to get a passing grade • Complete more than one to earn a B or an A • Work silently on your own for 20 minutes, then permission to work with a partner • If you don’t finish in class, it is due Thursday. Reminder: Tonight’s HW = Read 10.2 and answer questions

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