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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. section 1. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address Issue: Southern states secession . Lincoln needs to fix the Union. Lincoln refuses to recognize secession . If they save the democracy they are saving the Union .

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 section 1

  2. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address Issue: • Southern states secession. • Lincoln needs to fix the Union. • Lincoln refuses to recognize secession. • If they save the democracy they are saving the Union. • The South seizes control of its territory by securing federal military equipment and forts. Americans choose sides

  3. Fort Sumter 1861, Charleston, SC • Started the Civil War • Confederate soldiers fired first • Ft. Sumter controls Charleston River and protected the city as well • The South shelled the fort for 34 consecutive hours before the Union soldiers surrendered. • *No soldiers died during the battle Americans choose sides

  4. After Fort Sumter fell it stunned the North, the South was in a rebellion • Lincoln called on the Union for 75,000 men to rise up and help crush the rebellion • People had to make a choice, and sometimes that split families in the border states “There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots---or traitors.”-Senator Stephen Douglas Americans choose sides

  5. PA, OH, IL, IN and all states North were called the Union. (Mason-Dixon Line) • The States in the upper South: AR, TN, NC, VA sided with the Confederates SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX • Closer to the North were the “slave” Border States of MO, KY, MD, DE • MO & KY represented on flag but remained in the Union Reaction to Lincoln’s call

  6. Larger population of 22 million • 9 million in the South • Network of over 20,000 roads, canals, and railroads to move supplies and soldiers • Production from industry increased b/c of the war • Coal, iron, wheat, and wool • Southern trade decreased b/c of the Union Blockade • Economically strong: Had banking and currency stability • South had to print money = financial trouble. Northern Resources

  7. South encompassed a large amount of territory and they were fighting on home turf. • That land was difficult to traverse • England found that out the hard way in Revolutionary War! • Southern farms were able to keep Confederate Soldiers fed. • Confederate military leadership was very good and experienced. • Had cotton to use as a trade item with possible allies (England & France) • England decided against allying with the South b/c didn’t want to enter with a losing side and could get raw cotton from other areas in their empire. Southern Resources

  8. Most of the soldiers were not enlisted but, volunteers fighting for their country or sectionof the country. • Very little training early for either side but it would get better as the war progressed. • The call for volunteers would be heard on both sides, however, the Northern Army swelled from 16,000 to 500,000. • In total and throughout the war the number of soldiers fighting were: • North = 2 million • South = 1 million Union and Confederate soldiers.

  9. The soldiers carried their necessities in haversacks. • food, ammunition, etc. • Armed with a single-shot, muzzle-loading rifle and attached bayonet • Standard uniforms would eventually be given to both sides • North = Blue • South = Gray • Success of the battlefield depended on the soldiers’ discipline. • They needed to be able to fire 3 shots per minute • Guns were more accurate than earlier wars b/c they were grooved-barrel rifles and not smooth-barrel muskets Soldier Training

  10. Civilians on both sides helped those in uniform. • They raised money, provided aid 4 soldiers and their families, and ran emergency hospitals. • Approx. 3,000 women served as nurses • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, (1st woman licensed doctor) organized a group that pressured President Lincoln to form the U.S sanitary Commission in June 1861. • Which led to the RED CROSS Civilian Help

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