Chapter 18:ii

1. Chapter 18:ii [Image source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/]

2. The growing power of the United States brought it increasingly into conflict with other nations. [Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]

3. Cuban guerillas brought pressure on the United States government by attacking American business interests in Cuba. [Image source: http://www.4thcorp.com/camaguey/Glimpse/Brigadier.jpg]

4. Newspapers competing for readers printed false and exaggerated stories regarding Spanish atrocities in Cuba. [Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]

5. W. R. Hearst promoted yellow journalism that whipped up public sentiment in favor of the Cuban rebels.

6. Yellow journalismis a form of newspaper reporting relying on sensational headlines and lurid stories to sell papers. [Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]

8. [Source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

9. “Butcher” Weyler herded the Cuban people into reconcentration camps, where an estimated 200,000 died. [Image source: http://www.zpub.com/cpp/caw1.jpg]

10. The burst of national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy that resulted was known as jingoism. [Source: http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

11. [Image source: http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/USPics12/21922v.jpg]

12. Mob riots in early-1898 resulted in the dispatch of the U. S. S. Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property. [Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]

13. More than 250 American sailors were killed when the U.S.S. Maine blew up and sank in Havana Harbor 15th February 1898. [Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]

14. The Spanish were blamed for the explosion that sank the Maine. [Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/maineskg.htm]

15. Newspapers speculated as to the cause of the explosion that destroyed the Maine, . . . [http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

16. . . . which resulted ina strong anti-Spanish sentiment among many Americans. [http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

17. [Image source: http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]

18. [Image source: http://www.cartoonstock.com/vintage/directory/s/spanish_american_war.asp]

19. The result wasa jingoistic clamour for a declaration of war from many Americans, including members of Congress. [http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml]

20. President McKinley initially resisted public opinion, but ultimately succumbed to “war fever.” [http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

21. Patriotic Americans respondedto thecall-to-arms, enlistingin large numbers. [http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html]

22. Theodore Roosevelt saw the Philippine rebellion as an opportunity to acquire a base to protect United States trade in Asian. [Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-nat/pers-nat.htm]

23. Roosevelt dispatched the U. S. Asiatic squadron tothe Philippinesto attack the Spanish fleet stationed at Manila. [Image Source: America - Pathways to the Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 522]

24. President McKinley rescinded allof Roosevelt’s telegramsexcept the one to the commanderof the Asiatic squadron, Commodore Dewey. [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-nat/pers-nat.htm]

25. McKinley issued a series of demands to the Spanish government: • compensation for the U.S.S. Maine • end of the use of reconcentration camps in Cuba • a truce in Cuba • Cuban Independence [Image source: http://www3.eou.edu/hist06/images/cartoon3_000.gif]

26. When these demands were rebuffed, Commodore George Dewey was orderedto attack the Spanish fleetat anchor inManila Bay,the Philippines. [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-adm/pers-adm.htm]

27. Admiral Dewey’s attack of 1st May 1898 caught the Spanish entirely by surprise. [Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]

28. The action commenced when Admiral Dewey told the captain of his flagship “You may fire when ready, Gridley.” [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]

29. Captain Charles V. “Steve” Gridley [http://www.spanamwar.com/Gridley.htm]

30. The anchored Spanish warships proved easy targets for the powerful American squadron, . . . [Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]

31. . . . while the swift-moving American vessels proved to be difficult targets to hit. [Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]

32. The entire Spanish squadron was either destroyed or captured. [Image source: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/man-bay1.htm]

33. The Battle of Manila Bay was the first great victory by theU. S. Navy overa foreign navy since the Battle of Lake Champlain during theWar of 1812. [Image source: http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/dewey.html]

34. Commodore Dewey instantly becamea national hero, . . .

35. . . . and Congress promoted him to the rank of admiral. [http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/newspaper.html]

36. Celebrity endorsements and appearances on Leno and Letterman soon followed.

37. American troops were quickly dispatched to occupy the Philippines. [Image source: http://www.zpub.com/cpp/caw3.jpg]

38. After a short, choreographed battle, the Spanish forces around Manila capitulated. [Image source: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/31/32716/figures/DIVI441.jpg]

39. Future-president William Howard Taft servedably as the American-appointed governor forthe Philippines. [Image source: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/sw-sa/TaftWH.jpg]

40. The U. S. quickly became embroiled in suppressing a rebellion. [Image Source: America - Pathways to the Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 523]

41. American forces killed an estimated 16,000 Filipino rebels during the three-year insurrection. [Image source: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/art/P-P/USAIA/Moros.jpg]

42. The U. S. S. Oregon made an epic voyage around South America to reinforce the Atlantic fleet. [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/us-prep/us-prep.htm]

43. The U. S. S. Oregon broke all records, making the trip in an astounding 23 days. [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/events/us-prep/us-prep.htm]

44. Initial efforts to force the Spanish fleet into a decisive battle met with failure.

45. The United States moved quickly to blockade Cuba and force the Spanish fleet to do battle. [America - Pathways to the Present, p. 522]

46. Rear-Admiral William Thomas Sampson’s naval blockade allowed the United States to dispatch an army to Cuba to fightthe Spanish. [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/spanam/people/pers-adm/pers-adm.htm]

47. [Image source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/greater_antilles_1898.jpg]

48. Teddie Roosevelt raised a regiment of volunteer cavalry that became known as the “Rough Riders.” [Image Source: America - Pathways to the Present (Prentice-Hall), p. 537]

49. Roosevelt’s charge up Kettle and San Juan hills made him a national hero overnight. [http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~delacova/1898/rough-riders.gif]

50. Soldiers of the 10th U.S. Cavalry, commanded by Captain John J. “Black Jack” Pershing, participated in the attack. [Image source: http://www3.eou.edu/hist06/images/image001.jpg]