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Line-of-Sight IP Networks

Line-of-Sight IP Networks. Johnathan Poarch Senior Information Tech Specialist. Line-of-Sight ( LoS ) History. Early LoS systems developed by US military in the 1940s. Extensive TeleCom use in 1950s and 1960s for LD and TV (AT&T Long Lines System)

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Line-of-Sight IP Networks

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  1. Line-of-Sight IP Networks Johnathan Poarch Senior Information Tech Specialist

  2. Line-of-Sight (LoS) History • Early LoS systems developed by US military in the 1940s. • Extensive TeleCom use in 1950s and 1960s for LD and TV (AT&T Long Lines System) • Modern use by TV relay and backbone carriers for cellular systems

  3. Use of LoS in IT • Intra-campus IP/VoIP/CCTV (fiber replacement) • Site-to-Site connectivity • Temporary or backup connectivity to WAN/Internet

  4. Typical LoS Topologies • Point-to-Point • Point-to-Multipoint • Mesh

  5. LoS Planning Considerations • Affected greatly by environmental constraints, including rain fade • Very limited penetration capabilities through obstacles such as hills, buildings and trees • Sensitive to high pollen count • Signals can be degraded during Solar events

  6. Common Types of LoS Systems • Microwave • Directional (long range) WiFi • Laser • Leased systems

  7. Microwave LoS • Most common for short range data “back hauls” • Licensed Bands – Higher frequency and power • Unlicensed Bands – Lower initial cost; plug and play (solutions start under $5,000)

  8. Directional WiFI • High signal noise in 2.4GHz band • Commercial 802.11 radios can be used with directional antennas • Amplifiers can also be used to extend range

  9. Laser LoS • Secure data transmission • Up to 1Gbps throughput • 200m to 5km range • Solutions start under $10,000

  10. Leased Systems • More common in metropolitan areas • Monthly service fee with little/no customer intervention • Typically much larger (shared) bandwidth available • Can become saturated during large scale outages that impacts multiple customers

  11. Discussion Topics • Security of LoS solutions • Protection of LoS systems • Tower/roof rights • Use of relaying

  12. Security of LoS solutions • Most LoS is considered “private network” and difficult to remotely compromise • Very susceptible to physical compromise • Beware of shared/co-used transmission sites (roof tops, shared towers, ect)

  13. Protection of LoS Systems • Environmental and weather conditions can have heavy impact on reliability • Monitoring systems are critical

  14. Tower and Roof Rights • Any tower/roof rights should be secured in writing • Seaming LoS obstacles may be best transmission sites • Backup connectivity can often be shared among tenants in order to secure rights and lower cost

  15. LoS Relaying • LoS relaying is often used to extend range and circumvent obstacles • Increased points of failure

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