APA Style Tutorial- Part III: Referencing

1. APA Style Tutorial- Part III: Referencing

2. Overview • Purpose of a style guide • Standardize the reporting of the resources • Makes it easy to identify the resources used and allow readers to find them • Validates the research used by the author

3. Where to go for HELP! • If there is a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source. • To generate citations and references for a resource: http://citationmachine.net/leftpanel.php?reqstyleid=2_ • APA has a Web site that can also be useful: http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html

4. The References List • Reference sources used in your paper must be listed. Start references on a new page after the body of your text. • List alphabetically by author’s last name (or title, if author not known). • Use a ½ inch hanging indent for each line after the first line and double-spaced throughout.

5. Sample References Page

6. References Page Caveats • If you have more than one source by the same author, arrange by year of publication beginning with the earliest. • Capitalization: titles of books and articles are treated like sentences with only the first word capitalized. (Proper nouns should be capitalized, just as they would in a sentence, e.g.: Asante, M. (1995). African American history: A journey of liberation. Maywood, NJ: People’s Publishing Group.)

7. More Reference Page Caveats • Authors’ first names are always reduced to initials, eg: Akbar, N. (1996). • Multiple authors are joined with an ampersand “&” instead of with the word “and”, eg: Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001). • Single-author entries precede those with co-authors, eg: Allen, R. (2001) would be listed before Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001).

8. Referencing a journal article from print Harrell, S. (2000). A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 42-57. Author (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers.

9. Referencing a journal article retrieved online Kessler, R. & Neighbors, H. (1986). A new perspective on the relationship among race, social class, and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 107-115. Retrieved August 11, 2007 from Academic Search Elite. Author (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers. Retrieval information.

10. Referencing a book Hacker, A. (1992). Two nations: Black and White, separate, hostile and unequal. New York: Scribner. Author (Year). Book title. Publisher.

11. Referencing a chapter of a book Utsey, S., Bolden, M., & Brown, A. (2001). Visions of revelation from the spirit of Frantz Fanon: A psychology of liberation for counseling African Americans confronting societal racism and depression. In J. Ponterotto, J. Casas. L. Suzuki & L. Alexander (Eds.):Handbook of Multicultural Counseling(pp. 311-336). London: Sage Publications. Author (Year). Chapter Title. Book editors (Eds.): Book Title (page numbers). Publisher.

12. Referencing Online documents Author (Year). Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source. • electronic sources include Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups and newsletters • If there is no date for a document, use (n.d.) in the year section of the reference.