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Beef Cattle

Beef Cattle. Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson. In your notebooks…. Make a list of ten benefits of beef cattle! Make a list of as many breeds of beef cattle that you can. List all the people you can think of that raise beef cattle. Beef Cattle.

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Beef Cattle

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  1. Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson

  2. In your notebooks… Make a list of ten benefits of beef cattle! Make a list of as many breeds of beef cattle that you can. List all the people you can think of that raise beef cattle.

  3. Beef Cattle Science term for cattle is what? Bovine Just like Canine is a dog and feline is a cat.

  4. Beef production is big business in the U.S. ... Largest single portion of U.S. agricultural economy $40+ billion in direct sales 18% of total agricultural sales

  5. Evolution of Beef Industry Early civilization- cattle used for milk and some meat production, Meat was much leaner than today's beef Grass fed Smaller framed Less muscle As farming practices evolved and corn belt was formed the beef industry changed.

  6. Evolution of Beef Industry Railroad also contributed to the centralization of large cattle feedlots in the center of the country Started “segmentation”

  7. Beef Industry Segmentation • “Segmented" -- several producers own a single animal between birth and slaughter. • Cow/calf producers - calves born in spring • Stocker cattle - buy weaned calves in fall • Feedlots - buy calves at about 1 year • Packers - buy finished calves for slaughter • Purebred producers

  8. With segmented ownership • The cow/calf producer usually doesn't know • Ultimate productivity • Carcass quality NRCS photo by Lynn Betts.

  9. Shift to retained ownership Since the 1990s, a gradual shift has taken place. Packers began buying based on carcass. Cow-calf producers investing in breeding stock more likely to maintain ownership through slaughter.

  10. Geography plays a part • Cow/calf producers • Most in Deep South, Great Plains and Mountain West • Usually full-time operations • Routinely over 200 cows • Requires land for forage

  11. How much land is needed for each cow/calf pair? • Arid Western regions may need 60 acres • Wetter Eastern regions may need 2 acres • Land is more productive • Use of intensive rotational grazing • Southern climates • Pastures grow for more months • Less stored feed needed

  12. Stocker feeders Concentrated in the Great Plains May graze winter wheat through the winter Once stockers are sold, wheat produced for harvest

  13. Large-scale feedlots Most near packing plants Texas, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado Typically holdtens ofthousandsof cattle

  14. Eastern production Herds less than 30 Feedlots less than 1,000 Majority are culled dairy animals and dairy steers Secondary income

  15. Carcass quality Photo courtesy Dr. Robert E. Mikesell. Many packers buy based oncarcass quality and/orlean:fat ratio Bonuses for high qualityand lean carcass Discounts for low qualityand fat carcass Typical dressing percentage of a beef animal is 55-60%. That means a 1000 steer would yield a carcass weight of around 600lbs.

  16. Environmental issues ... Overgrazing can lead to erosion Increased grazing fees for Bureau of Land Management public grazing land Manure management and water pollution

  17. Environmentally Friendly

  18. Animal Welfare Issues

  19. Advantages to Beef Compared to other animals Forage is cheaper than feed. Less labor requirements. Low death loss. Adapt well. Good demand for producers, especially small producers, because inexpensive.

  20. Disadvantages Through droughts, cost increases, due to no grass and feeding feed Don’t convert grass as good as feed. Fewer offspring per year, compared to other species. High cost to start operation; Land is expensive Animals expensive $800cow vs. $90 ewe

  21. What is a Breed? • a group of animals that have certain traits in common • color • size • body structure • place of origin • horned or polled

  22. What is a Purebred? • animals of known ancestry where all parents etc. are of the same breed • Breed associations register purebred animals, develop markets for those animals, and organize breed shows

  23. What is Crossbreeding? • mating animals of the same species, but different breeds • Angus mated to Hereford • crossbreed to achieve desired animal traits

  24. Breeds to take note on in your notebooks! Angus Simmental Gelbvieh Limousine Hereford Polled Hereford Charolias Brahman Texas Longhorn Beefalo Short Horn Santa Gertrudis Salers Maine Anjou

  25. What are the English Beef Breeds? • Hereford - Red & white, horned or polled • most popular in the U.S. • Angus - bred to compete with Hereford • smaller cows and calves • excellent conformation (body type) • mature lighter • resistant to pinkeye & cancer eye (due to black) • Shorthorn - dual purpose breed (meat/milk)

  26. Hereford • Origin- County of Hereford in England • Breeders selected for high yield and economical production • Henry Clay of Kentucky imported the first Herefords • Herefords are registered by American Hereford Association • More Herefords have been registered than cattle of any other breed.

  27. Polled Hereford • Origin- Iowa in 1901 • Warren Gammon, an Iowa breeder contacted all Hereford association members. • Located 4 Bulls and 10 Cows

  28. Angus • Origin- Scotland in the shires of Aberdeen and Angus. • Earliest records of Angus date to the early 1700’s. • George Grant of Victoria, KS imported four bulls in 1873. • American Angus Association organized in 1883.

  29. Brahman • Origin- from France • Hot & humid climates • Disease resistant

  30. Charolais • Origin- Charolles in Central France. • King Ranch in Texas imported first bulls into the United States. • - large & long body, fast growth • used to increase size of English breeds • increasing in popularity due to low marbling

  31. Santa Gertrudis • Origin- King Ranch. • - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 shorthorn. • 1920 a bull named “Monkey” was born. • Monkey sired over a 150 useful sons. • All present day Santa Gertrudis cattle are descendents of Monkey the bull. • popular in southern U.S. • A sire is a father. Sired means to father.

  32. Texas Longhorn • Origin- Spanish Andalusian Cattle • Brought by Columbus on his 2nd voyage • 1860 estimated 4 million running wild in Texas • Almost became extinct by 1900 • Horns spread to 4 feet or more • Slow maturing and have high fertility • Resistant to disease and parasites

  33. Shorthorn • Origin- Around 1600, Tees River Valley of Northern England. • Originally called Durhams. • Coates Herdbook was est. in 1822 to record Shorthorns. • Was first cattle Herdbook and served as a model for other herdbooks that followed. • Originally Dual Purpose

  34. Brangus • Origin- USDA experiment station, Louisiana • 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus • Adaptable to different climates • Good mothering ability • Produce desirable carcasses

  35. What are Exotics? • animals not common to U.S. • used for increasing calf weights • importation laws restrict bringing exotics into the U.S.

  36. Beefalo • Origin- Canadian ministry of agriculture • Good mothering characteristics • Excellent foraging ability

  37. Beefmaster • Origin- Texas • Crossing was from three breeds under range conditions. • Shorthorn • Hereford • Brahman

  38. Belgian Blue

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