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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM: Invertebrates

Discover the fascinating world of sponges! Learn about their anatomy, feeding habits, reproduction, and importance as filter feeders in marine ecosystems. Watch the video for an in-depth look at these unique creatures.

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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM: Invertebrates

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  1. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:Invertebrates

  2. ANIMALCHARACTERISTICS 1. animals are multicellular 2. cells have a nucleus and a cell membrane 3. animals ingest their food

  3. Sponges

  4. Sponges • Sponges are multi-cellular, and come in many sizes, colors, and shapes. • Sponges have few specialized structures, and are found in warmer, tropical waters. • Sponges are made up of 2 layers: • Endoderm- inner layer • Ectoderm- outer layer • Between the 2 layers is a jelly-like material called mesenchyme.

  5. Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera, which means “pore bearing”. • Sponges are considered Benthic organisms, they are bottom dwelling.

  6. Sponge Anatomy

  7. How do Sponges Feed? • Sponges are sessile- they spend their lives attached to an object. • Sponges bodies contain many holes. • Sponges bodies are elastic. • They feed by taking in the plankton and algae found in water through small pores called ostia. • Water and wastes exit through a large hole called the osculum.

  8. 7. Collar Cells line the inside of the sponge and have flagella that sweep food into and pump water out of the sponge. • Digestion takes place inside the food vacuoles in each individual cell. • Gases are also exchanged at the cellular level. • Sponges have no nervous tissue, they do not respond to touch, and will not move. GO TO THE VIDEO!

  9. How do Sponges Reproduce? • Can be sexually, with a larval stage that is planktonic. When it comes into contact with a suitable substrate it starts to develop into an adult. • Can be male, or female, or both (hermaphroditic). If both, it alternates producing eggs or sperm which prevents self fertilization • Can be asexual as well. Fragments of sponges can also go through regeneration and create new individuals • GO TO THE VIDEO

  10. Final Points • They are Important filter feeders; they can filter up to 100 liters in an hour! This returns a lot of nutrients back to the ocean. • Variety of shapes and sizes. Some contain silicon spines in their structure which help protect them from predators.

  11. Let’s go to the Video! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o&feature=fvst

  12. Other Simple Marine Organisms • Create detailed sketches of the following: • 1. page 147….a permanent zooplankton • 2. page 161….a rotifer • 3. page 163….a bryozoan

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