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Sociological Theory & Urban Change. Patrick J. Kennealy. Urban Sociology. Social order of cities Poverty Homeownership Capital Human, Social, Financial, and Built Spatial inequalities Who has access to what? Gentrification? Environmental Racism & Class struggle? Segregation?.
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Sociological Theory & Urban Change Patrick J. Kennealy
Urban Sociology Social order of cities Poverty Homeownership Capital Human, Social, Financial, and Built Spatial inequalities Who has access to what? Gentrification? Environmental Racism & Class struggle? Segregation?
Functionalism Society as a series of interrelated parts – like a machine Neighborhoods, streets, homes, businesses, etc. “function” to serve the good of people Fails to explain oppression and exploitation – Or are they explained as functions?
Chicago School & Concentric Zones Park, Burgess, and McKenzie, in The City. Published 1925 Ecological (functionalist?) explanation of urban development
Park, Burgess, and McKenzie. 1925. The City. Concentric Zones model. Downloaded 10/1/08 from: http://www.wps.prenhall.com/.../834339/Chicago_ecology.GIF
Hoyt, Homer. 1939. diagram Downloaded from: http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/landusemodels.html 10/1/08.
Harris and Ullman. 1945. Downloaded from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model 10/9/2008
Conflict Theory Power is at the core of social relationships Constant struggle for scarce resources Those who have vs. those who don’t have Marxism often comes to mind Economic determinism & division of labor
Conflict or Marxist Approach Conclusions about capital and condition of worker Capitalist exploits labor resources Economic Determinism What you have determines what you get Eventually labor unites and revolts Communal system ensues
Marxism & Urban Change City is like a production system Renters as laborers David Harvey 1985 “The Urban Experience”
City as a “Growth Machine” Logan and Molotch in 1987 published “Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place” University of California Press Exchange & Use Value of place Entrepreneurs control city space
Interactionist Micro Focus on individual perceptions Concept of “Self” and personal identity
Capital Social Human Financial Built Cultural More info & reference: Green, Gary Paul and Anna Haines. 2002. Asset Building & Community Development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Community Capacity Community ability to direct positive change Forms of capital… human, social, financial, built, etc. Low-income housing rehab & development Business development More info & reference: Chaskin, Robert J., Prudence Brown, Sudhir Venkatesh, and Avis Vidal. 2001. Building Community Capacity. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Capacity Building Develop affordable homeownership opportunities Develop & encourage community base stakeholders Homeownership education Address or eliminate public policy supportive of abusive & predatory lending
Habitat for Humanity Local funding Local volunteers Local capital Good example of capacity building
Asset Based Development Kretzmann & McKnight in 1993 published “Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Mobilizing Community Assets” Northwestern University Emphasis on capacity development instead of sweeping government/private endeavors
