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Water Fluoridation is an Outdated Practice

Water Fluoridation is an Outdated Practice. Paul Connett, PhD Director Fluoride Action Network FluorideALERT.org Wichita, Oct 30, 2012. A little history. H. Trendley Dean (1893-1962) - the father of fluoridation.

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Water Fluoridation is an Outdated Practice

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  1. Water Fluoridation is an Outdated Practice Paul Connett, PhD Director Fluoride Action Network FluorideALERT.org Wichita, Oct 30, 2012

  2. A little history

  3. H. Trendley Dean (1893-1962) - the father of fluoridation • H. Trendley Dean was the first director of the U.S. National Institute of Dental Research and a pioneer investigator of fluoride in the prevention of caries. • Frederick McKay's early observations of mottled enamel and his determination to ascertain its cause led to the discovery of benefits of fluoridation of drinking water. (Newbrun, 2007) Dean showed as fluoride went up tooth decay went down - 21 City study (1942) H.T. Dean F. McKay1893-1962 1874-1959

  4. Dean,1942 The Famous 21-CITY study

  5. Dean’s 21-City flawed • Dean was highly selective in the data he used to establish the inverse relationship between tooth decay and fluoride concentration in the water (Ziegelbecker, 1981).

  6. Ziegelbecker (1981)

  7. Ziegelbecker (1981)

  8. NIDR DATA (1986-87)

  9. Dental Fluorosis versus level of fluoride

  10. Tooth decay versus level of fluoride

  11. Water Fluoridation is an Outdated Practice Paul Connett, PhD Director Fluoride Action Network FluorideALERT.org Wichita, Oct 30, 2012

  12. Introduction • I have spent 16 years researching the fluoridation issue, first as a professor of chemistry specializing in environmental chemistry and toxicology, and now as director of the Fluoride Action Network. • This research effort culminated in October 2010 with the publication of a book The Case Against Fluoride

  13. Book published by Chelsea Green October, 2010 Can be ordered on Amazon.com Contains 80 pages of references to the Scientific literature

  14. Response to our book? After TWO YEARS there has been NO SCIENTIFC RESPONSE to our book from promoters of fluoridation, and yet They continue to maintain that science is on their side and repeat their mantra that “fluoridation is safe and effective”

  15. Key arguments against fluoridation • It is a poor medical practice to use the water supply to deliver medicine, because: • A) you cannot control dose • B) you cannot control who gets the medicine • C) it violates the individual’s right to informed consent to medication • Fluoride is not a nutrient – not one single biological process in the body needs fluoride • Fluoride is very toxic – it can interfere with the normal function of many biological molecules like enzymes

  16. The chemicals used to fluoridate are not pharmaceutical-grade, but are industrial waste products derived from the scrubbing systems of the phosphate fertilizer industry • These chemicals contain arsenic which is a known human carcinogen and thus it is inevitable that the use of these industrial-grade fluoridating chemicals will increase cancer rates in the US.

  17. The fluoride level in mothers’ milk is extremely low (0.004 ppm). This means a bottle-fed baby in a fluoridated community (at 1 ppm) gets 250 times more fluoride than a breast-fed baby. • Fluoride interferes with the infants’ growing tooth cells causing damage to the enamel – a condition called dental fluorosis • According to CDC (2010) 41% of US children aged 12-15 have some form of dental fluorosis • According to CDC (2005) Black and Mexican-American children have higher rates of dental fluorosis than Whites

  18. Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004 November 2010: CDC update on fluorosis by Beltrán-Aguilar et al.http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db53.htm#findings

  19. CDC, 2010

  20. CDC, 2010 41%

  21. Impacts up to 25% of tooth surface Very Mild Dental Fluorosis

  22. Impacts up to 50% of tooth surface Mild Dental Fluorosis

  23. Impacts 100% of tooth surface Moderate-Severe Dental Fluorosis

  24. CDC, 2010 41%

  25. According to the ADA, infants should not drink fluoridated water. "If using a product that needs to be reconstituted, parents and caregivers should consider using water that has no or low levels of fluoride."SOURCE: American Dental Association, Nov 9, 2006

  26. Pam DenBeston on lessons from Dental Fluorosis • “We can certainly see that fluoride impacts the way proteins interact with mineralized tissue, so what effect is it having elsewhere at the cellular level? Fluoride is very powerful, and it needs to be treated respectfully.” • Quoted in Scientific American Jan 2008

  27. When fluoride is causing dental fluorosis in children’s teeth, what is it doing to their brains?

  28. The baby’s developing brain • At birth the baby’s blood brain barrier is not fully developed

  29. The baby’s developing brain The baby should NOT be exposed to fluoride at 250 times the level of fluoride that occurs in mothers milk

  30. Arvid Carlsson Nobel Prize for Medicine, 2000 “One wonders what …an increase in the exposure to fluoride, such as occurs in bottle-fed infants …may mean for the development of the brain and the other organs…” 1978

  31. Fluoride and the brain • There have now been over 100 animal experiments which show that fluoride can damage the brain

  32. Varner et al. (1998) • Gave rats 1 ppm fluoride in their water for one year (one group got AlF3 the other NaF) • Both groups had kidney damage, brain damage, greater uptake of aluminum into the brain and beta amyloid deposits characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease.

  33. Human studies • There are 34 published studies (from China, Iran, India and Mexico) indicating that moderate to high fluoride exposure is associated with lowered IQ in children • See FluorideAlert.org/brain

  34. Xiang et al. (2003 a,b) • Compared children in two villages ( <0.7 ppm versus 2.5 - 4.5 ppm F in water) • Controlled for lead exposure and iodine intake, and other key variables (NOTE: both lead exposure and low iodine also lower IQ). • Found a drop of 5-10 IQ points across the whole age range • The whole IQ curve was shifted for both males and females

  35. Xiang et al. (2003 a,b) MALES

  36. Xiang et al. (2003 a,b) • Estimated that the threshold for lowering IQ was at 1.9 ppm fluoride in the water

  37. This offers no adequate margin of safety to protect children drinking water 0.7 – 1.2 ppm. • Normally, we want a safety factor of ten to take account the full range of sensitivity we can anticipate in an human population to any toxic substance (intra species variation). • Nor does 1.9 ppm protect against the full range of exposure

  38. Please Note • An American child drinking TWO liters of water at 1 ppm would get a higher DOSE (2 mg/day) than one of the Chinese children drinking ONE liter of water at 1.9 ppm(1.9 mg/day)

  39. Harvard meta-analysis of 27 studies • Choi et al (a Harvard research team including Philippe Granjean) did a meta-analysis of 27 studies comparing IQ in “high” versus Low fluoride villages . • The study was published in Environmental Health Perspectives (published by NIEHS) • 26 of the 27 studies found a lower average IQ in the “high” versus low-fluoride villages. • In NINE of the studies the “high” fluoride village had levels of fluoride less than 3.15 ppm.

  40. Choi et al. 2012 They found an average lowering of IQ by 0.45 of one standard deviation (average standardized mean difference, SMD)which equates to a drop of 7 IQ points, which was highly significant. • The Harvard scientists concluded that further investigation of fluoride’s lowering of IQ in the US should be a “high research priority”

  41. Dr. Philippe Grandjean “Fluoride seems to fit in with lead, mercury, and other poisons that cause chemical brain drain. The effect of each toxicant may seem small, but the combined damage on a population scale can be serious, especially because the brain power of the next generation is crucial to all of us.” (Harvard Press Release)

  42. IQ and population Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ 100

  43. IQ and population Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ 100 Very Bright Mentally handicapped

  44. IQ and population Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ 95 100

  45. IQ and population Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ 95 100 Very Bright Mentally handicapped

  46. More on IQ studies

  47. Ding et al. 2011 (J. Hazardous Materials) • “Mean value of fluoride in drinking water was 1.31 ±1.05mg/L (range 0.24–2.84).” • “ Conclusions • Overall, our study suggested that low levels of fluoride exposure in drinking water had negative effects on children’s intelligence...

  48. Ding et al, 2011 found that the higher the level of fluoride in the urine - which is a measure of individual exposure - the lower the IQ

  49. Ding et al. 2011 Fig 2. The relationship between IQ differences and urine fluoride concentrations. Multiple linear regression model was carried out to confirm the association with urine fluoride exposure and IQ scores (F=9.85, p < 0.0001)

  50. Consider the weight of evidence Over 100 animal studies show fluoride damages animal brain Over 10 animal studies show that fluoride changes animal behavior 4 studies show that fluoride damages fetal brain 34 studies show an association between modest exposure to fluoride and lowered IQ Another 7 human studies show changes in neurobehavior

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