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Feudalism

Feudalism. One answer for Western Europe AD 500 - 1200. Mr. Ebert. Changes in W. Europe. 400 – 700 CE. Trade disrupted Cities abandoned Population shift → rural. Common language lost Concept of gov’t changed - central ⃗ local authority Decline in education.

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Feudalism

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  1. Feudalism One answer for Western Europe AD 500 - 1200 Mr. Ebert

  2. Changes in W. Europe 400 – 700 CE • Trade disrupted • Cities abandoned • Population shift → rural • Common language lost • Concept of gov’t changed • - central ⃗ local authority • Decline in education

  3. Needs of Europeans We need protection! We need a good harvest! We need shelter! A few coins would be nice.

  4. The Franks: 500 - 900 • Clovis = 1st Christian king • Carolingian Dynasty formed • Charlemagne gained rule • - Expanded empire; reunited western Europe • - Revived interest in education, the arts • Kingdom divided after Charlemagne’s death

  5. Clovis Christian King Charles Martel Fought Muslim invasion • Granted land to military • Professional “soldiers” • Beginnings of feudalism Pepin the Short Charlemagne Fought Vikings, Hungarians

  6. Europe 700 C.E.

  7. The Church • Papal power increased • → secular power • Pope = center of Roman government • Christianity survived and adapted • Monasteries built • Became educational centers based on religion

  8. The Rise of Feudalism • Weak rulers after Charlemagne’s death • Carolingian Empire attacked from all sides Vikings N Magyars W E • Widespread disorder in Europe • Shift → loyalty to local rulers forprotection S Muslims 800-1000

  9. Europe Rearms King permits forts Evolve into castles Counts (Nobles) gain power Peasants look locally for protection Feudalism is born!

  10. Feudalism • Based on mutual obligations • Landowners = lords (also King, Church) • Lords grant land to vassals • Fiefs = land grants • Vassals till land, serve as warriors, do other work for the lord or king

  11. It’s All About Land.. • King gave military protection; land grants to lords & knights • Lords granted land to vassals (knights & other nobles) • Knights defended land in exchange for fiefs (land) • Peasants = landless people who worked in fields • Serfs = peasants who could not legally leave birthplace

  12. The Hierarchy 850 - 950 Church powerful; owned land King Nobles Lords Vassals Knights Peasants Most peasants were serfs Serfs

  13. Role of the Church • Church = center of Medieval life • Religious services • Town meetings • Plays, festivals • Markets • Church explained world events • Disease, weather, famine, etc. • Salvation • =saving of a person’s soul • Fate of soul more important than present life • Gave people purpose, controlled behavior

  14. Roman Catholic Church

  15. 7 Sacraments Holy Orders – man becomes a priest Penance – confession of sins Extreme Unction – blessing at death • Baptism • to cleanse of sin • Confirmation • declaration of belief • Eucharist • body & blood of Christ • Matrimony • - union blessed by Church

  16. Age of Faith • Church problems • Lay investiture = kings, nobles appointed church officials • Simony = church positions sold by bishops as source of income • Local priests married • Pope developed canon (religious) law • Church collected tithes • Church cared for poor & sick • Friars = traveling monks

  17. Church Reform • Cluny = Benedictine monastery • Had reputation for virtue • Inspired more monasteries • Influenced papacy

  18. The Manor • Manor system = basic economic unit • Manor = lord’s estate • - Serfs provided with housing, protection • - tended land, maintained estate • Manors covered a few square miles • - 15-30 families within • - Lord’s house, church, workshops, fields • - self-sufficient community • All peasants owed lord portion of crops • - owed tithe to the Church

  19. Chivalry Page → squire→ knight • Knights defended against other nobles • 3 loyalties: • earthly lord heavenly Lord chosen lady • Tournaments= mock battles

  20. Castles Under Siege • Trebuchet launched missiles • Battering ram cracked walls • Siege tower enabled soldiers to scale castle walls • Mangonel like catapult; flung rocks

  21. Who can I trust to rule us? Will we have enough to eat? Who will protect us? Will we have to leave the city? Has God forsaken us? Money is worthless!

  22. Why Feudalism? Fall of Rome Barbarian Invasions Charlemagne: Rule & death Rise of Church

  23. Feudalism Form of gov’t based on landholding Alliances between lords and vassals Chivalry Devotion to lord Courage in combat Respect toward women Political Ideology Manors Self-sufficient communities Mutual obligations Code of Behavior Medieval Society Economic System Belief System Church Unifying force; power over everyday lives Involvement in political affairs

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