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Chapter 6 Pengembangan System dan Teknik Dokumentasi

Chapter 6 Pengembangan System dan Teknik Dokumentasi. BENTUK DOKUMENTASI. Narasi atau uraian tertulis Bagan alir Diagram. DIAGRAM ARUS DATA. Diagram arus data atau Data flow diagram ( DFD ) adalah diagram yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan arus data dalam SIA.

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Chapter 6 Pengembangan System dan Teknik Dokumentasi

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  1. Chapter 6Pengembangan System danTeknikDokumentasi Sururi

  2. BENTUK DOKUMENTASI Narasiatauuraiantertulis Baganalir Diagram Sururi

  3. DIAGRAM ARUS DATA Diagram arus data atau Data flow diagram (DFD) adalah diagram yang digunakanuntukmenggambarkanarus data dalamSIA. Sururi

  4. SIMBUL DIAGRAM ARUS DATA Untukmembuat Data flow diagram (DFD) digunakanempatsimbuldasarsebagaiberikut: • Asal data dantujuan data • Arus data • Prosestransformasi • Penyimpanan data Sururi

  5. Asal data dan tujuan data Transformasi/pengolahan data Arus data Penyimpanan data SIMBULDFD Sururi

  6. DIAGRAM ARUS DATA Proses (C) Asal Data (A) Arus Data (D) Arus Data (B) Arus Data (E) Tujuan Data (J) Sururi

  7. DIAGRAM ARUS DATA Sururi

  8. Employee/ Payroll file General Ledger DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS Depart- ments Employees Employee paychecks Human Resources New employee form Time cards 1.0 Update empl. Payroll file 2.0 Pay Employ- ees Employee Change form Payroll check Bank Payroll Disburse- ment data 3.0 Prepare reports 5.0 Update Gen. Ledger Payroll tax disb. voucher Payroll report 4.0 Pay taxes Manage- ment Tax report & payment Govt. Agencies Sururi

  9. DIAGRAM KONTEK Diagram kontek (context diagram) adalahDFDdalambentuk yang masihsangatumum, belummenggambarkanarus data secaradetil. Sururi

  10. DIAGRAM KONTEKSISTEMPENGGAJIAN Pembayaran dan Lap. Pajak Government agencies Sistem Pengolahan Gaji/upah Employees Slip gaji Bank Cek gaji Management Laporan gaji Sururi

  11. DATA DICTIONARY Data dictionary adalahdeskripsitetangseluruhelemen data, penyimpanan data, arus data, dokumen data, termasuk item fisik data didalamSIA. Sururi

  12. BAGANALIR (FLOWCHART) Baganalirdigunakanuntukmenjelaskanprosedursecarajelasdanringkas. Baganalirdibuatdenganmenggunakansimbul-simbulstandarsebagaimanasimbulstandardalam Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Sururi

  13. JENIS-JENISBAGANALIR • Baganalirdokumen(dokument flowcharts), untukmenggambarkanarusdokumendaninformasidalamorganisasi. • Baganalirsistemkomputerataubaganalirsistem(computer system flowcharts/system flowcharts), untukmenggambarkanhubungan input, proses, dan output. • Baganalir program (program flowcharts), digunakanuntukmenggambarkanurutankerja program komputer. Sururi

  14. DVD vsBAGANALIR DFDmendeskripsikanarus data SIAsedangkanbaganalirmendeskripsikanarusdokumenataucatatan yang berisi data dalamsistem. Sururi

  15. SIMBULBAGANALIR Simbulbaganalirdapatdibagikedalamempatkategorisebagaiberikut: • Simbul Input/output • Simbulproses • Simbulpenyimpanan • Simbularusdokumendansimbul lain-lain. Sururi

  16. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Document Symbol • Represents a document or report that is prepared by hand or printed by a computer. Sururi

  17. 3 2 1 INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Multiple Copies of One Document • Indicates multiple copies of a paper document or report. • The document copies should be numbered in the upper, right-hand corner.

  18. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Input/Output; Journal/Ledger • Can represent any input or output on a program flowchart. • Also represents accounting journals or ledgers in a document flowchart. Sururi

  19. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Display • Represents information displayed by an online output device such as a terminal, monitor, or screen.

  20. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Online Keying • Represents data entry by an online device such as a terminal or personal computer. Sururi

  21. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Terminal or Personal Computer • Combines the display and online keying symbols to represent terminals and personal computers. Sururi

  22. INPUT/OUTPUT SYMBOLS • Transmittal Tape • Represents manually prepared control totals which are to be compared to computer totals for control purposes.

  23. PROCESSING SYMBOLS • Computer Processing • Represents a process performed by a computer, which usually results in a change in data or information. Sururi

  24. PROCESSING SYMBOLS • Manual Operation • Represents a processing operation that is performed manually. Sururi

  25. PROCESSING SYMBOLS • Auxiliary Operation • Represents a processing operation carried out by a device other than a computer, e.g., an optical character scanner. Sururi

  26. PROCESSING SYMBOLS • Off-line Keying Operation • Represents an operation that uses an off-line keying device, such as a cash register or keying to a disk. Sururi

  27. STORAGE SYMBOLS • Magnetic disk • Represents data stored permanently on a magnetic disk. • Frequently used to represent master files and databases. Sururi

  28. STORAGE SYMBOLS • Magnetic Tape • Represents data stored on a magnetic tape. • Sometimes represents transaction files. Sururi

  29. STORAGE SYMBOLS • Diskette • Represents data stored on a floppy disk or zip disk. Sururi

  30. STORAGE SYMBOLS • Online Storage • Represents data stored in a temporary online file in a direct-access medium such as a magnetic disk. Sururi

  31. STORAGE SYMBOLS A • File • Represents a file of documents that are manually stored and retrieved. • Letter indicates the ordering sequence: • A = Alphabetic order • D = Date order • N = Numeric order Sururi

  32. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Document or Processing Flow • Represents the direction of processing or document flow. • Normal flow is top to bottom and left to right. Sururi

  33. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Data/Information Flow • Represents the direction of data/information flow. • Often used to show data being copied from one document to another. Sururi

  34. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Communication Link • Represents the transmission of data from one location to another via communication lines. Sururi

  35. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • On-page connector • Connects processing from one location to another on the same page. • Used to avoid crisscrossing lines. Sururi

  36. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Off-page connector • Connects the processing flow between two different pages. • Signals the exit from one page and the corresponding entrance on another page. Sururi

  37. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Terminal • Represents the beginning, end, or a point of interruption in a process or program. • Also used to indicate an external party. Sururi

  38. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Decision • Represents a decision-making step. • Used in a program flowchart to show branching to alternate paths. Sururi

  39. FLOW AND MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS • Annotation • Provides for the addition of descriptive comments or explanatory notes as clarification. Sururi

  40. BAGANALIRDOKUMEN • Baganalirdokumenmenggambarkanarusdokumendaninformasidalamorganisasisesuaidengan area tanggungjawabsuatutransaksi. • Baganalirinimenunjukkanarus data dariawalsampaiakhir, dalamarti: • Dari manaasaldokumen • Kemanasajadokumendidistribusikan • Bagaimandokumendigunakan Sururi

  41. BAGANALIRDOKUMEN • Internal control flowchartsadalahbaganalirdokumen yang digunakanuntukmengevaluasikecukupanpengendalianinteren, sepertipemisahanfungsidanpengecekanindependen. • Baganalirdokumendapatmenunjukkankelemahandanpemborosan, seperti • Ketidakcukupanaruskomunikasi • Kopleksitasdokumen yang tidakdiperlukan • Prosedur yang tidakefisien • Baganalirdokumenjugadibuatpadasaatprosesperancangansistem. Sururi

  42. Contoh bagan alir dokumen Sururi

  43. PEDOMAN PEMBUATAN BAGAN ALIR • SebagaimanaDFD, baganalirsangatmembantudalammemahamiprosedurdalamsuatusistem. Langkahpenyusunanbaganaliradalahsebagaiberikut: • Mewawancaraipengguna, pengembang, auditor, danmanajemen. • Mengadmisitrasikanpertanyaan. • Membacadeskripsidalambentuknarasi. • Mengevaluasikeseluruhantransaksidalamsistem. Sururi

  44. PEDOMAN PEMBUATAN BAGAN ALIR • Mengidentifikasi: • Bagian/divisi yang masukkedalambaganalir, misalnya, depertement, fungsi-2, pihakluar yang berhubungandenganperusahaan. • Arusdokumendaninformasi • Proses Sururi

  45. BAGAN ALIR SISTEM • Baganalirsistemmenggambarkanhubunganantara input, proses, dan output dariSIA. • Baganalirsistemberawaldaripemasukan data kedalamsistem. • Setiap data diprosesdidalamsistem. • Data yang telahdiprosesdisajikandalambentuk output/laporan, menghasilkaninformasibaru. Sururi

  46. Berikutinicontohbaganalirsistem. Baganalirtersebutmenggambar-kanhubungan input – proses - dan output. Sururi

  47. BAGANALIR PROGRAM Baganalir program menggambarkanurutanprosespengolahan data dalamsuatu program komputer. Baganalir program jugamenggambarkanhubunganantara input-proses-output. Sururi

  48. Contohhubunganbaganalirsistemdenganbaganalir program. Sururi

  49. BAGANALIR VS DFD DFDlebihmenekankanpadaaspeklogikatransmisi data dalamsistem, yaitudalambentukbaganarus data dalamsistem. Baganalir lain lebihmenekankanpadakarakteristikfisikdalamsistem. Sururi

  50. Registrar’s Office Enrollment Forms Sort Forms Students Update Student Records Sorted Enrollment Forms A Student Records Sorted Enrollment Forms Prepare Class Lists Class Lists Sorted Enrollment Forms Faculty Bursar Students Enrollment Forms 1.0 Update Student Records Enrollment Forms 2.0 Prepare Class Lists Bursar Enrollment Forms Class Lists Bagan alir DFD Faculty Sururi

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