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Interactions of Living Things

Interactions of Living Things. 7 th Grade Science. PART 1 . Biotic vs. Abiotic. -Biotic – all LIVING parts of environment. -ex: tree, fly, people -Abiotic – all NONLIVING parts of environment. -ex: water, soil, sunlight, temp . Levels of Environmental Organization. Organism

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Interactions of Living Things

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  1. Interactions of Living Things 7th Grade Science

  2. PART 1

  3. Biotic vs. Abiotic -Biotic – all LIVING parts of environment. -ex: tree, fly, people -Abiotic – all NONLIVING parts of environment. -ex: water, soil, sunlight, temp.

  4. Levels of Environmental Organization • Organism • Population – all same species that live in area • Community – all species that live in area • Ecosystem – community plus abiotic factors 5. Biosphere – all ecosystems, anywhere life exists

  5. Salt Marsh – page 6 -What are some biotic factors in this marsh? *cordgrass *jellyfish *egret *heron *algae *marsh crab -What are some abiotic factors? *water *sunlight *soil *temperature

  6. PART 2 LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY

  7. Players in the Energy Game -Producers – use sunlight to make food -ex: plants, algae -Consumers – eat other organisms -herbivore – eats onlyplants -omnivore – eats both plants & animals -carnivore – eats only animals -scavenger – eats dead plants & animals

  8. -Decomposers – get energy by breaking down dead organisms -ex: bacteria & fungi -called nature’s recyclers

  9. Food Chains -Diagram that shows energy flow from one organism to another -Why are these rare in nature?

  10. Food Webs -More realistic than chains -Interconnected chains show feeding relationships in ecosystem -Arrows – is eaten by

  11. Energy Pyramids -diagram that shows loss of energy as it passes through food chains Amount of energy decreases as you move up the levels Amount of toxins increase as you move up the levels

  12. PART 3 TYPES OF INTERACTIONS

  13. Limiting Factors -Scarce resource that limits size population can grow -ex: food becomes a limiting factor when population outgrows amount of food available

  14. Carrying Capacity -Largest population an environment can support at any given time -When a population grows larger than carrying capacity, limiting factors cause individuals to die or leave

  15. Competition -2 or more individuals or populations trying to use the same resource.

  16. Predators vs. Prey -Predator – organism that eats the prey -wide variety of methods & abilities for getting food A cheetah’s speed gives it an advantage over other predators competing for the same prey

  17. Prey Adaptations -Prey have methods to keep from being eaten: 1. stay in groups 2. camouflage 3. defense (poison, chemical, physical) 4. burrowing

  18. Stay in groups or Herds

  19. Camouflage

  20. Defense

  21. Warning Coloration

  22. Symbiosis -Close, long-term association between members of 2 or more species -classified as one of the following: 1. mutualism 2. commensalism 3. parasitism

  23. Mutualism -Both organisms benefit from the interaction. -ex: you & e.coliin your stomach!!!

  24. Commensalism -One organism benefits, the other is unaffected. -ex: sharks & remoras

  25. Parasitism -One organism benefits, the other is harmed. -organism that benefits - parasite -organism harmed - host -ex: Caterpillar & Wasp eggs

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