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Climate

Climate. Heat balance of the Earth Distribution pattern of insolation ( 日射 ) Interrelationship among the global distribution pattern of the climatic factors Climatic regions Impacts of climate on human beings. Heat balance of the Earth. Balance: Incoming radiation= outgoing radiation

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Climate

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  1. Climate • Heat balance of the Earth • Distribution pattern of insolation( 日射 ) • Interrelationship among the global distribution pattern of the climatic factors • Climatic regions • Impacts of climate on human beings

  2. Heat balance of the Earth • Balance: Incoming radiation= outgoing radiation • Heat transfer: Vertical + horizontal • Energy: • Surplus: 0° – 38° S / N • Deficit: 38° – 90° S / N

  3. Distribution pattern of insolation • Pattern: Uneven • Affecting factors • 1. Long term: Altitude, Latitude, Winds, • Land & sea, Ocean currents • 2. Short term: Length of daytime, Seasons • 3. Local: Aspect, Cloud cover, Urbanization, • Surface properties • See David Waugh: An integrated Approach

  4. Interrelationship among the globaldistribution pattern of the climatic factors • Global distribution pattern of the climatic factors: • 1. Temperature 2. Air pressure • 3. Wind 4. Precipitation • Interrelationship

  5. Climatic regions • Reasons for climatic variations in areas of similar latitudes • Case studies: • 1. Low - latitude region: • Tropical humid + Tropical arid • 2. Middle / High - latitude region: • Temperate maritime + • Temperate continental

  6. Impact of climate on human beings • Population distribution • Agriculture • Daily Life - Building - Health - Recreation - Business - Energy consumption - Transport • Meterological hazards

  7. Deletetions 1. Temperature: Factors, pattern … OK 2. Air Pressure: Factors, pattern … OK 3. Wind – Planetary: Trades, Westlies, ... OK Secondary: Cyclone, trough, ridge, anticyclone, monsoon 4.Condensation-fog, frost, cloud, dew 5. Precipitation: Relief, convection, … OK 6.Humidity 7.Climate of Hong Kong: Spring … Winter

  8. Interrelationship among climatic factors 0° 30°N/S 60°N/S 90°N/S Insolation H H++ L L - - Temperature H H++ L L - - Air Pressure L H L H Wind Trades Westerlies Polar Precipitation H L M L

  9. Interrelationship among climatic factors: Summary: Insolation H L H H Temperature H H Precipitation L H H L L H OS Pressure L<-- H Wind -- L Windchill

  10. Tropical humid– Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3°N Tropical arid - Mogadishu, Somalia, 2°N • Mogadishu, Somalia: 400mm, 26-29℃ • 2 dry seasons • Summer: May-Oct Winter: Dec-Mar • 2 transitional rain seasons • Spring: Apr-May Autumn: Oct-Dec • Reasons: ITCZ, Asian Monsoon, Off Shore winds, • Low & high pressure, SW / NE Trades,

  11. Temperate maritime- ?, Shandong Temperate continental- ?, Xinjiang Shandong: Yantai 38°N Jinan 37°N Qingdao 36°N Xinjiang: Urumqi 43°N Hotan 37°N

  12. Daily Life - Transport Sea River Road Rail Air Temp Iceberg Frozen Slippery Distorted Lift Soften Ppt Fog Flood Fog Drown Snow Drought Snow Landslide Fog WindCapsize Break-down SteadilyBreak-down Fuel

  13. Daily Life - Recreation Hot Cold Temp Outdoor, Aquatic Indoor, skiing Ppt Dry Wet Fair, open concertIndoor games Cover stadium Wind Calm Windy Sport record Surfing, kite

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