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Latin America

This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button Select “ Meeting Minder ” Select the “ Action Items ” tab

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Latin America

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  1. This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation • In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button • Select “Meeting Minder” • Select the “Action Items” tab • Type in action items as they come up • Click OK to dismiss this box • This will automatically create an Action Item slide at the end of your presentation with your points entered. Latin America

  2. Civilizations of Latin America • Maya 250-900 AD • Inca 1438-1533 AD • Aztec 1325-1521 AD

  3. Maya • Location: Yucatan Peninsula • Modern day Guatemala

  4. Maya • Government • Series of city-states • Each with its own King • No single unified empire. • Nobles and Priests were below the King in social order but helped run the city-state.

  5. Maya • Religion • Polytheistic • Gods controlled nature. • Priests performed rituals and ceremonies to please the Gods. • Without such ceremonies Mayans believed the Gods would send drought, storms, or other natural disasters. Mayan lightning God

  6. pok-a-tok- • Large stone, square court. • Similar to basketball –ball through a hoop • Ball – size of a softball • When nobles played the game, depending on who won, priests interpreted the result as a message from God.

  7. Maya • Achievements • Architecture • As seen in their buildings • System of writing • Hieroglyphics – to record historical and religious events. • Mayan Calender • 365 ¼ Day Calender – most accurate during the time. • The concept of “0”

  8. Maya • Decline and Fall • 800-900 No one is sure the exact reason for decline • Theories: • Disease weakened the empire • War weakened the empire • High taxes led to a revolt by peasants

  9. Aztec • Location: Central Plateau of Mexico • Modern day Mexico

  10. Tenochtitlan • Center of the Aztec Empire • Largest city in the world (1500 AD) • 150,000 population Lake Texcoco surrounded Tenochtitlan

  11. Tenochtitlan

  12. Chinampas • method of ancient MesoAmerican agriculture which used small, rectangle-shaped areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico.

  13. Aztec • Government • 1 ruler • Chosen by a small group of priests • Aztecs • Conquered over 500 city-states • Left rulers of city-states in place • City-states were to pay “tributes” or taxes to the main Aztec empire • Taxes included: • Gold • Maize • Tobacco • Precious stones

  14. Aztec • Religion • Human Sacrifice • To please the Gods • Typically captives from war or warriors. • Quetzalcoatl • Chief God

  15. Quetzalcoatl • Chief God • Believed to have brought maize (corn) to earth. • Took the form of a bearded white man. Tried to give the Aztec priests a new religion that ended human sacrifice. Other priests believed the end of human sacrifice would anger the Gods, so they banished Quetzalcoatl.

  16. Aztec • Achievements • Educated men and women • Civics • History • Religion • Men • Art of war • Women • Homemaking • 365 Day Calendar • Hieroglyphics • Pyramids

  17. Spanish Motives for Conquering Aztecs and Incas • Wealth • Convert Indians to Christianity

  18. Aztec • Decline and Fall • Conquistador – Spanish conqueror • Conquistador Hernan Cortez arrives in Mexico in 1519. • 400 soldiers • 16 horses • 14 cannons • Marched on Tenochtitlan • A city of 200,000 – 250,000

  19. Montezuma • Leader of the Aztec Empire • Reluctant to fight: • Possibly believed Cortez was Quetzalcoatl • Cortez won allies with people the Aztecs had conquered. • Smallpox and other European diseases killed thousands of Aztecs.

  20. Additional Spanish Advantages • Rode horses • (Aztec had never seen horses) • Metal armor • Muskets • Cannons

  21. Inca • Location: Cuzco – capital • Fertile Valley of the Andes • Empire stretched 2,500 miles • Included: • Peru • Bolivia • Chile • Ecuador

  22. Cuzco • Capital of the Inca Empire

  23. Inca • Government • Inca emperor owned all the land, mines, and wealth of the empire. • Aids: Nobles; Priests • People: • Were told what jobs to do. • Peasants • Assigned a plot of land to farm • Taxed were collected on their crops.

  24. Inca • Religion • Polytheistic • Chief God = Sun God • Inca translates to “children of the sun” • Royal family believed to be descendants of the Sun God • Gold was believed to be the sweat of the Gods.

  25. Inca • Achievements • Communications network. • Runners helped carry news across the empire. • Used a network of roads (built by an earlier people) • Route for: • Armies • Messages • It was even paved!

  26. Chasqui • Runner that delivered messages

  27. Quipu – knotted string that helped transmit messages (carried by Chasqui)

  28. Inca • Decline and Fall - 1533 • Conquered by Francisco Pizarro • Atahualpa • Inca leader • Captured and killed by Pizarro

  29. Spanish Success • Spanish were out numbered • 80,000 to 186 • How did the Spanish win? • Technology • Germs (smallpox)

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