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Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

IE 314 : Operations Management. Lecture. 7. Material Requirements Planning (MRP). KAMAL. Discussion Questions. 1. The difference between a gross requirements plan and a net requirement plan is that a net plan adjusts for on-hand inventory and scheduled receipts at each level.

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Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

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  1. IE 314: Operations Management Lecture 7 Material Requirements Planning (MRP) KAMAL

  2. Discussion Questions 1. The difference between a gross requirements plan and a net requirement plan is that a net plan adjusts for on-hand inventory and scheduled receipts at each level. 2. Once the MRP system is in place, it provides information to assist decision makers in other functional areas such as the amounts of labor required, cash needs, purchase requirements, and timing. 3. The similarities between material requirements planning (MRP) and distribution resource planning (DRP) are that the procedures and logic are analogous. 4. The difference between material requirements planning (MRP) and material resource planning II (MRP II) is that MRP II includes or integrates functions within the firm in addition to the management of dependent demand inventories. Examples of these additional functions include: Order entry, invoicing, bill-ing, purchasing, production scheduling, capacity planning, and warehouse management. 5. There is no one “ideal” lot sizing technique that should be used by all manufacturing organizations. Lot-for-lot is the goal to be sought. However, where setup costs are significant and demand is not particularly lumpy, EOQ is a simple method and typically provides satisfactory results. Too much concern with lot sizing yields spurious results because of MRP dynamics. 6. In a DRP system, inventory residing within the system is moved within the system, rather than entering or leaving the system. Therefore, although effort should be made to reduce total inventory to minimize overall carrying cost, carrying cost per se does not have a significant effect on appropriate lot size. 7. MRP is usually a part of the overall production planning process. Its most important capability is including the timing/ scheduling factor in inventory planning. MRP II, of course, ad-dresses the timing/scheduling of other resources in addition to inventory.

  3. Discussion Questions • 8. (a) When a work center is only over capacity for one week (or a short time), the production planner has a number of options, including: •  Splitting an order to an earlier or later week •  Requesting overtime, an alternate (perhaps more ex-pensive) production process •  Subcontracting • (b) A consistent lack of capacity suggests a capital in-vestment to increase capacity, add a shift, or develop an outside source. Redesign of the product may also be an alternative. • 9. The master schedule is expressed in terms of: • (1) End items in a continuous (make-to-stock) company; • (2) Customer orders in a job shop (make-to-order) compa-ny; and • (3) Modules in a repetitive (assemble-to-stock) company. • 10. Virtually all functions of the firm impact an MRP system. For instance, purchasing performance affects delivery, changes in capacity (i.e., labor, maintenance, breakdowns) impact throughput, sales impact the master schedule as do financial issues such as capital expenditure for capacity, engineering per-formance such as meeting schedules and preference (or flexibil-ity) for particular approaches to design/processing. • 11. The rationale for: (a) A phantom bill of material is a subas-sembly that exists only on the production line—say a mixture/ glue that only exists a few minutes and then must be used or discarded. Such items are never inventoried. (b) A planning bill of material may be used to issue a mixture of parts that only makes sense to reduce material handling—say the hardware for a washing machine assembly. (c) A pseudo bill of material is another name for planning bill to meet the same conditions.

  4. Discussion Questions • 13. The benefits of ERP include: • Integration of production, supply chain, and admin. • Increases collaboration between functions and locations • Often has a common database • Can add effectiveness and efficiency to organizations. • 14. Distinctions between MRP, DRP, and ERP, are: MRP is a set of software programs designed to schedule material require-ments. These programs include an integrated set of programs that determine an item master for each part, a bill of material. • explosion scheme, a lead-time file, an inventory status file, and vendor information. DRP is a time-phased stock-replenishment plan for all levels of the distribution network. Its focus is on retail and wholesale distribution network. On the other hand, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are systems that often integrate MRP and a variety of other accounting systems, human resource management, and communication with vendors and suppliers. • 15. In MRP, demand need not be constant.Also, the demand for one item depends on the demand for others—in particular, the end item. (There are exceptions such as spare parts and maintenance orders.) • 16. The disadvantages of ERP include: • Expensive to purchase and even more costly to customize. • Implementation may require major changes in the com-pany and its processes. • So complex that many companies cannot adjust to it. • Involves an ongoing process for implementation, which may never be completed. • Expertise in ERP is limited, with staffing an ongoing problem. • 12. An effective MRP system requires: • A good schedule of what is to be made • An accurate BOM • Accurate inventory records • Accurate purchases data • Lead times that will be met

  5. EXERCISE 14.13 (a)

  6. (b) 20” Fan 1 week 2 weeks Housing Assembly Supports (2) | | | | | | | 1234567 Time in weeks 3 weeks Fan Assembly 1 week Hub Grills (2) 2 weeks 2 weeks Blades (5) Electrical Unit Motor Switch 1 week Knob Frame 1 week Handle

  7. 20” Fan 1 week 2 weeks Housing Assembly Supports (2) | | | | | | | 1234567 Time in weeks 3 weeks Fan Assembly 1 week Hub Grills (2) 2 weeks 2 weeks Blades (5) Electrical Unit Motor Switch 1 week Knob Frame 1 week Handle

  8. EXERCISE 14.14

  9. Setup Cost = 7*150 = $1050 , Holding Cost = (10+10)*2.5 = $50 Total Cost = 1050 + 50 = $1100

  10. EOQ = √(2DS)/H = √(2*330*150)/(2.5*12) = 57.4 or 57 Setup Cost = 5*150 = $750 , Holding Cost = (10+10+27+ …+45+45)*2.5 = $780 Total Cost = 750 + 780 = $1100

  11. Economic Part Period (EPP) = Order Cost/ Holding Cost = 150 / 2.5 = 60

  12. Setup Cost = 3*150 = $450 , Holding Cost = (10+10+…+50)*2.5 = $575 Total Cost = 450 + 575 = $1025

  13. HW 14.15 14.16 14.20 14.21 14.25

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