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Ultra-efficient RYGB SSL CRI = 90 CCT = 3,000K Δλ = 1 nm LER = 408 lm/W. 530. 573. 614. 463. 1.5. (a). 573 nm. 1.0. 530 nm. 614 nm. Relative Power. 0.5. 463 nm. 0. (b). 0.6. 8. 1. 0.4. Reflectance Factor. 7. 2. 6. 3. 0.2. 5. 4. 0.

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463

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  1. Ultra-efficient RYGB SSL CRI = 90 CCT = 3,000K Δλ = 1 nm LER = 408 lm/W 530 573 614 463

  2. 1.5 (a) 573 nm 1.0 530 nm 614 nm Relative Power 0.5 463 nm 0 (b) 0.6 8 1 0.4 Reflectance Factor 7 2 6 3 0.2 5 4 0 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm)

  3. 500 (a) (b) 408 lm/W Luminous Efficacy of Radiation (lm/W) 400 300 0 20 40 60 80 100 400 500 600 700 Color Rendering Index Wavelength (nm)

  4. RGBB RBGBB RYGB 150 100 Linewidth (nm) 50 0 700 600 Wavelength (nm) 500 400 lm/W 408 400 100% 286 90% Luminous Efficacy (lm/W) 100% 80% 100% 200 204 90% 90% 70% 80% 80% 70% 70% 0 600 620 640 660 680 600 620 640 660 680 600 620 640 660 680 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

  5. Schwarz 2007

  6. 2.9 GaP,Γ GaP,L 2.7 2.5 AlP,X InP,X 2.3 Energy (eV) GaP,X 2.1 1.9 InP,L (Alx,Ga1-x)0.52In0.48P 1.7 GaAs 1.5 InP,Γ 1.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Lattice Constant (Å)

  7. Early designs with inefficient light extraction Advanced designs with efficient light extraction Poor light extraction Advanced light extraction As As - - grown thin grown thin Transparent substrate Transparent substrate C C ~ 4% ~ 4% C C ~ 61% ~ 61% ext ext AlGaInP AlGaInP epi epi with chip shaping with chip shaping ext ext Red LEDs (AlGaInP) Red AlGaInP AlGaInP GaP GaP LEDs GaAs GaAs transparent transparent AlGaInP AlGaInP GaP GaP layers layers (AlGaInP) Absorbing GaAs substrate Absorbing GaAs substrate GaP GaP Top Top - - emitting LED emitting LED Thin Thin - - film flip film flip - - chip chip C C ~ 30% ~ 30% C C ~ 80% ~ 80% ext ext ext ext LED with texturing LED with texturing transparent transparent Blue LEDs (InGaN) surface texture p p - - contact contact surface texture Blue p - GaN p p - - GaN GaN LEDs n - GaN n n - - GaN GaN n n p p - - GaN GaN - - GaN GaN (InGaN) n n - - GaN GaN Al O reflective reflective Al Al O O 2 3 2 2 3 3 n n - - contact contact reflective p reflective p - contact - contact

  8. 100 Evolution of Light Extraction in Visible LEDs 80 TFFC CC(PS/ITO) low power VTF CC(PS/ITO) high power Shaped TS 60 FC(Ag) CC(PS) Extraction Efficiency (%) Thick RS FC(Al) 40 Improved TS CC Thick TS 20 Thick AS + DBR Thick AS Thin AS 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year

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