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Changes on the Western Frontier

Changes on the Western Frontier. The Culture of the Plains Indians. Great Plains- western central portion of the United States _______ brought horses NA’s used Buffalo-horn for bowls and spoons, bones for tools, hoofs for glue, hide for clothing, tepees, and shields NA view of land ownership?.

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Changes on the Western Frontier

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  1. Changes on the Western Frontier

  2. The Culture of the Plains Indians • Great Plains- western central portion of the United States • _______ brought horses • NA’s used Buffalo-horn for bowls and spoons, bones for tools, hoofs for glue, hide for clothing, tepees, and shields • NA view of land ownership?

  3. Government and NA’s • Originally all the Great Plains were one ______ but the Govt changed – why? • Sand Creek Massacre-attack at dawn Nov 29th, 1864 killing 150 mostly _____ • NA’s-attacked settlers on the Bozeman Trail – Govt signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie – giving the NA another _____

  4. Let’s Get Back to FightingAmerican’s Views Get off my land or else! • Red River War- 1874-1875- Nice tribes went to a ________ all others _______ • “Destroy their villages and ponies, to kill and hang all warriors, and to bring back all women and children” • One problem…The ______ are filled with GOLD!! • Gen Custer wanted Little Big Horn– but _____ would not allow – so what happened? Custer's Last Stand

  5. Sitting Bull’s Resistance • After Little Big Horn – Sitting Bull fought other American’s and was forced to run away to _______ why? • Eventually they returned why? • When they returned they were told to ________ • There were no more ______ • Other problems…

  6. Assimilate or Else • Meanwhile back in America… • Helen Hunt Jackson- A Century of Dishonor (1881)- book about what? • The Dawes Act - 1887- attempt to Americanize Indians- gave _____ to Indians - promised many things but what actually happened? • What happened to the Buffalo?

  7. NA Response is to Dance! • Sitting Bull was to be arrested why? But what happened? • December 28, 1890 – 7th Calvary (Custer’s old men) rounded up 350 NA’s • Ordered NA’s to give up all weapons but all of a sudden a shot was fired so… • Revenge for Little Big Horn • Called Battle of Wounded Knee • End of Indian era

  8. Cattle Becomes Big Business • Demand for beef after Civil War- railroads / and no more ______ • Led to Chilsolm Trail • Who taught us how to raise? • Texas Longhorns or… • What are these words? • Chaparreras, charqui, bronco caballo, mestenos, rancho • Towns were created why?

  9. A Day in the Life of a Cowboy • 55,000 people worked as cowboys, 25% AA • Long hours-10-14 hours when at ranch 14 when on trail, young & old, • Roundup in Spring—what did they do? • Long Drive – took them to market ___ cowboy for every 250-300 cattle

  10. What ended the open range? • Overgrazing- • Bad Weather- • Barbed Wire-

  11. Settlers Move Westward to Farm – But how do they get there? • Railroads- 1860s – 2 Major Companies Central Pacific & Union Pacific • How were they paid? Why? • Government supported settlement • Homestead Act- 1862- 160 acres if… • Exodusters who are they? • Sooners who are they?

  12. Railroads – Cont… • 90% of workers were Chinese Immigrants • What happened in Promontory Point Utah? - 1869 • Even back then there were tree huggers so what formed? Which was a good thing!

  13. What kind of Challenges?? • Where to live: • Dugouts & Soddies—why? • A Women’s Work is never done! • Technical Support for Farmers • 1837- John Deere - ____ • 1847- Cyrus McCormick-__________

  14. Struggles Continued • Agricultural Education • Morrill Act of 1862 & 1890 Farmer’s in Debt—why? Bonanza Farms— What were they and did they help the cause?? How did the RR’s affect this as well?

  15. Farmers Unite • Farmers were in a vicious cycle of debt • Do we want greenbacks or not? What’s the problem… • Farmers wanted more money why? • Wheat prices ____ RR’s charging _____ • Farmers needed to organize to make change – why?

  16. Farmers Uniting Cont… • Oliver Hudson Kelley formed the Patrons of Husbandry later known as the Grange what did they do?? • This lead to the Farmers’ Alliance • Not just farmers others who wanted to help—Membership up to 4 ____ • What about AA’s??

  17. Rise and Fall of the Populist What type of people like this party?? • 1892 – The Populist Party was formed What they Wanted • Increase $$ Supply • Graduated Income Tax • Federal Loan Program • Election of Senators – Term limitations • 8 Hr Work day – Restrictions on Immigration

  18. Panic of 1893-Similar to ____ • Farmers in too much ____ • RR’s went bankrupt • People traded paper money for _____ • Caused investments to go ____-Silver ____ • By Dec 1894 – 20% of US unemployed

  19. How to Handle the Panic • Country is divided politically • N – Republican S – Democrats, & Populist • Biggest issue is how to back our Money GoldSilver & Gold “Gold Bugs” “Silverites” Bankers/Business Farmers/Workers Value of $$ _____ Value of $$ _______

  20. 1896 Election and the End of Populism • William McKinley (R) vs. William Jennings Bryan (D) (P) • Cross of Gold Speech • 1896 Election—Who wins? How? What happens? Areas supported who?

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