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Class 8b: Political geography II

Class 8b: Political geography II. Boundaries and border disputes Domestic political geography Electoral geography: voting patterns. National boundaries. Limits of sovereignty Three-dimensional 14 miles of ocean; 200 miles of fishing rights Frontier zones vs. boundaries.

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Class 8b: Political geography II

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  1. Class 8b: Political geography II • Boundaries and border disputes • Domestic political geography • Electoral geography: voting patterns

  2. National boundaries • Limits of sovereignty • Three-dimensional • 14 miles of ocean; 200 miles of fishing rights • Frontier zones vs. boundaries

  3. “Natural” or physical boundaries • Mountains • Often a barrier anyway • Ridgeline or watershed? • Rivers or lakes • Not always stable; which side? • Can unite as well as divide

  4. Figure 9.15 (Chile/Argentina)

  5. “Artificial” or cultural boundaries • Geometric • Parallels or meridians • Typically sparsely settled • Religious or linguistic • Criteria for dividing states

  6. Antecedent vs. subsequent • Antecedent: drawn before dense settlement • Subsequent: after cultural landscape is established • Consequent: take landscape into account • Superimposed: no regard for cultural landscape

  7. Figure 9.5 (Africa)

  8. Boundaries as sites of conflict • Landlocked states • Water as boundary • Rivers across boundaries • Nations not matching state boundaries • Resource access or use

  9. Internal state structure • Core area: historical center • Densest population, largest cities • Most economically developed • Ex.: Moscow, London, eastern U.S. • Not found in all countries

  10. Unitary vs. federal states • Unitary: highly centralized, homogeneous • Strong national identity • Centralization in core area • European cores, newly independent states

  11. Unitary vs. federal states • Federal: decentralized government • Provinces or states have considerable responsibility • Capital often deliberately created in core, or periphery

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