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DNA DNA- a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function.

DNA DNA- a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function. 1. Watson and Crick made an accurate model of DNA in 1953. 2. The structure of DNA is similar to a twisted ladder. a. The sides of the ladder are made up of sugar-phosphate molecules.

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DNA DNA- a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function.

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  1. DNA • DNA- a chemical that contains information that an organism needs to grow and function. • 1. Watson and Crick made an accurate model of DNA in 1953. • 2. The structure of DNA is similar to a twisted ladder. • a. The sides of the ladder are made up of sugar-phosphate molecules. • b. The rungs of the ladder are made up of nitrogen bases. • 3. Before a cell divides, its DNA duplicates itself by unwinding and separating its sides, then forming new sides.

  2. B. Genes- sections of DNA on a chromosome. 1. Contain instructions for making specific proteins. 2. RNA carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. a. Messenger RNA carries the code that directs the order in which the amino acids bond. b. Ribosomal RNA makes up ribosomes, where proteins are built. c. Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes to build the protein. 3. Cells use only the genes that direct the making of proteins needed by that cell.

  3. C. Mutations- any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a cell’s gene or chromosome. 1. Can be caused by outside factors like X rays, sunlight, and some chemicals. 2. A change in a gene or chromosome can change the traits of an organism.

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