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Chapter Three Leaves

Chapter Three Leaves. Focus : physiological function, composition, lobed ,types and inner structure Difficulty : modification of leaf, difference of rachis and shoot. Part One Definition ,Physiological Function and Medicinal Value of Leaves ● 一、 Definition

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Chapter Three Leaves

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  1. Chapter Three Leaves Focus: physiological function, composition, lobed ,types and inner structure Difficulty: modification of leaf, difference of rachis and shoot

  2. Part One Definition ,Physiological Function and Medicinal Value of Leaves ●一、Definition The leaf is the important vegetative organ of the plant. It is generally green flat body, have phototropism(向光性).

  3. ● 二、Physiological function of the leaves 1.Photosynthesis 2.Respiration 3.Transpiration 4.Spit water function 5.Absorption 6.Preserving function 7.Reproductive function

  4. 1.Photosynthesis

  5. 2.Respiration

  6. 3.Transpiration

  7. 4.Spit water function

  8. 5.Absorption

  9. 6.Preserving function Fritillaria verticillata  Willd． var．thunberqii

  10. 7.Reproductive function Begonia masoniana Bryophyllum pinnatum

  11. ● 三、Medicinal value of the leaves

  12. Folium Mori Folium ArtemisiaeArgyi Folium Eriobotryae Folium Isatidis

  13. PartTwo一、Composition and Morphology of Leaves Fig. One composition of leaf 1. blade 2. Petiole 3. stipules 4.ocrea(托叶鞘)

  14. Definition Complete leaf :has three parts called complete leaf. Incomplete leaf :Lack a part or two parts called incomplete leaf.

  15. Composition of Leaves Blade: green , flat Petiole: Join the blade and stem ,and support the blade Stipules: Protect the immature blade

  16. Petiole modification bulgy petiole Trans-petiole Leafy petiole Sheath-like petiole

  17. Stipules Modification Ⅰ.CihuaiⅡ.QiancaoⅢ.YuxingcaoⅣ.Laliao Ⅴ.WandouⅥ.QiangweiⅦ.Baqia 1.Stipules 2. tendril 3. thorn 4. ocrea

  18. 二、 Morphology of Leaves 1.The whole shape of the blade 2.The form of the leaf apex 3.The form of the leaf base 4.The form of the leaf margin

  19. The whole shape of the blade

  20. The form of the leaf apex

  21. The form of the leaf base

  22. The form of the leaf margin

  23. Heterophylly: the same plant have different shaped leaves or the plants have different forms leaves in the defferent stages, this kind of phenomenon called the Heterophylly.

  24. lobed of the blade : lobed parted divided

  25. Veins: reticulate veins parallel veins

  26. Texture of leaf blades herbaceous leaf Membranaceous leaf Succulent leaf Coriaceous leaf

  27. Part Three Types of Leaves Simple Leaf and Compound Leaf Definition simple leaf（单叶）：Only grow a slice of blade on a petiole compound leaf (复叶)：Grow two or more blades on a petiole 1. ternately compound leaf ⒉ palmately compound leaf ⒊ pinnately compound leaf ⒋ unifoliate compound leaf

  28. Types of compound leaf 1.ternately compound leaf 2.ternately compound leaf 3.palmately compound leaf 4. odd-pinnately compound leaf 5.even-pinnately compound leaf 6.bipinnate leaf 7.tripinnate leaf 8.unifoliate compound leaf

  29. The type of compound leaf

  30. ※The difference of rachis and shoot ①Terminal bud in shoot，but it isn’t in rachis. ②Bud in common petiole and leaflet base without bud. ③All leaflet of rachis in plane. ④Whole compound leaves fall off or leaflet fall off first , than rachis and common petiole fall off. but shoot not fall off.

  31. 4 Phyllotaxy : alternate opposite whorled fascioled

  32. Part Four Modification of Leaves 1.Bract 2.Scale leaf 3.Acicular leaf 4.Leaf tendril 5.Rhizomorphoid leaf 6.Insect-catching leaf

  33. 1.Bract Bougainvillea spectabilis Houttuynia cordata

  34. 1.Bract(spathe) Alocasiamacrorrhizos Pinelliaternata

  35. 2. Scale leaf 3.Acicular leaf fritillaria Opuntiastricta(Haw.)Haw.var. dillenii

  36. 4.Leaf tendril Pisum sativum Linn. Smilax china L.

  37. 5.Rhizomorphoid leaf Salvinianatans Ceratophyllumdemersum

  38. 6.Insect-catching leaf Dionaea muscipula

  39. 6.Insect-catching leaf Droserapeltata Smith var. multisepala

  40. 6.Insect-catching leaf Nepenthes mirabilis

  41. Part Five Inner structure of the blade 一、Structure of the blade of the Dicotyledon ⑴Epidermis ⑵Mesophyll Palisade tissue Spongy tissue ⑶veins

  42. ⑴Epidermis: upper epidermis , lower epidermis , multiple epidermis(2-3layers of cells) ★cutin : control the transpiration of the moisture , strengthen mechanical performance , prevent the germ from invading. ★hair : for distinguish the basis of the folium ★stoma : lower stoma more than upper stoma

  43. ⑵Mesophyll Palisade tissue: it is neat to arrange , take the form of bar , having a large number of chloroplasts.

  44. Spongy tissue: like sponge , the cell is irregular and arranging loosely , the interval is relatively big.

  45. Definition Isobilateral leaf：No matter the form or internal structure are all similar in the upper and lower two sides of the leaf, call the Isobilateral leaf . (It is more seen in Gramineae . It can receive the light in the two sides . The mesophyll has no division which palisade tissue and sponge tissue or upper and lower sides have palisade tissue . ) For example , aiye

  46. bifacial leaf：No matter external form or internal structure are all obviously different in the upper and lower two sides of the leaf, call the bifacial leaf or dorsi-ventral leaf . (the color of upper side :dark green , lower side : light green ) this bifacial leaf is common . For example , mint and tea.

  47. ⑶veins: upper-xylem Lower-phloem The interior side of upper and lower epidermises has collenchyma and vascular bundle.

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