Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening

1. Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening Prof. dr. Jan Vanthienen

2. Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening • Hoofdstuk 3: Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT • Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie en productiviteit van informatiesystemen. Flexibiliteit, Kosten-baten, TCO • Hoofdstuk 4: Beslissingsprocessen • MIS, OLTP versus DSS, Group DSS, OLAP, Corporate Performance Management, data warehousing, Business Intelligence, digital dashboards, Knowledge Discovery in Data, Belang van externe informatie, waarde van externe informatie • Hoofdstuk 5: Informatie- en Kennismanagement • Organizational learning en knowledge management, portals, content management, text mining, beslissingstabellen • Hoofdstuk 6: Organisatie van controleprocessen • Interne versus externe controle, audit, controle op beslissingen, Six-Sigma, Fraude en fraudedetectie, controle op informatiesysteemontwikkeling, Virussen en Malware

3. Hoofdstuk 3: Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie, Flexibiliteit en Productiviteit van informatiesystemen en het omgaan met informatie

4. Soorten Informatiesystemen • Volgens niveau van leidinggeven • Volgens functioneel gebied

5. De belangrijkste soorten IS

6. Knowledge WorkSystems (KWS) Office AutomationSystems (OAS) (Source: Laudon & Laudon, Management Information Systems 8, chapter 2) Additionele types IS

7. ERP Systems • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems:

8. Value of Information Systems Reasons why IT matters to the business: • Capital management (IT investment decisions) • Foundation of doing business (high-quality, low-cost) • Productivity (increase productivity and efficiency) • Strategic opportunity and advantage

9. Strategic Opportunity and Advantage • Create competitive advantage: IT makes it possible to develop competitive advantages. • New Business Models: Dell Computer: IT enabled build-to-order business model. • Create new services: eBay has developed the largest auction trading platform for millions of individuals and businesses. • Differentiate yourself from your competitors: Amazon has become the largest book retailer in the United States on the strength of its huge online inventory and recommender system.

10. Information Systems and Organizational Change Four Kinds of Structural Change: • Automation: Mechanizing procedures to speed up the performance of existing tasks • Rationalization of procedures: The streamlining of standard operating procedures • Business process reengineering: Analysis and redesign of business processes to reorganize workflows and reduce waste and repetitive tasks • Paradigm shift: Radical reconceptualization of the nature of the business and the nature of the organization

11. Figure 14-3 Organizational Change: risks and rewards

12. Cost of Information Systems • Total cost of ownership includes: • Hardware • Software • Installation • Integration • Training • Support • Maintenance • Infrastructure requirements • Downtime • Space and energy • End-user cost (time, fuzz-factor)

13. THE INTRANET: COST ASPECTS

14. Module coding 5% Module testing 7% Integration 8% Design 6% Planning 1% Specification (Analysis) 4% Requirements 2% Maintenance 67% Relative costs of lifecycle phases

15. Informatie en bedrijfsvoering: aandachtspunten!! • Operationele systemen • Verlopen de operaties efficiënt, flexibel? • Bruikbaarheid, aanvaarding • Is voldaan aan de regels? • Knowledge Work systemen • Worden de werkzaamheden ondersteund? • Information & Knowledge management • Ondersteuning van managementbeslissingen • Is de informatie voorhanden? • Hoe kunnen betere beslissingen genomen worden? • Algemeen ook: kosten en baten, TCO

16. Information systems literacy: Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations, management and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers • Computer literacy: Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding how computer technologies work

17. Information Systems Problem Areas

18. Figure 15-5 Causes of Implementation Success and Failure Information Systems Success or Failure Factors

19. Een aantal voorbeelden • Information overload • Informatie-integratie • Kwaliteit van informatieverwerking • De totale keten • Kwaliteit van het proces • Effectiviteit en efficiëntie

20. The Information Tsunami • Data explosion problem • Automated data collection tools and mature database technology lead to tremendous amounts of data stored in databases (legacy data, ERP, scanner data, web data, documents, mobile, multimedia, RFID, …) • Traditional techniques • Paper, Query and reporting, Spreadsheet analysis, … • But: information overload Who wants some more data?

21. The Information Tsunami • Megabyte: 1,000,000 or 106 bytes • 2 megabytes: Hi-res photo • 5 megabytes: Complete works of Shakespeare • Gigabyte: 1,000,000,000 or 109 bytes • 1 gigabyte: Pickup truck filled with paper • 2 gigabytes: Movie on a DVD • Terabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1012 bytes] • all the X-ray films in a large technological hospital • 2 Terabytes: An academic research library • 10 Terabytes: The printed collection of the US Library of Congress • 50 Terabytes: The contents of a large Mass Storage System • 200 Terabytes: Worldwide production of office documents (printer/copier) 400 million trees (annually) • 900 Terabytes: The required storage space for email (annual) • Petabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1015 bytes] • 1 Petabyte: 3 years of EOS data (2001) • 2 Petabytes: All US academic research libraries • 8 Petabytes: All information available on the Web • 20 Petabytes: Production of hard-disk drives in 1995 • 200 Petabytes: All printed material • Exabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1018 bytes] • 2 Exabytes: Total volume of information generated worldwide annually • 5 Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings • Zettabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1021 bytes] • Yottabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1024 bytes] (www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/)

22. Structured/Unstructured Information

23. Storage Processing Growth Trends • Moore’s law • Computer speed doubles every 18 months • Stored data • total storage doubles every 9 months • Consequence • very little data will ever be looked at by a human • More intelligent use is NEEDED to make sense and use of data. (Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro)

24. OrderEntry CRM KnowledgeBase Support ERP ProductLiterature TrainingSchedules WebContent Departmental Silos of Information Today’s Information Systems: Islands of Information (P. Hinssen)

25. SalesMarketingCustomer Serviceetc. CustomersPartnersSuppliers Enterprise PortalEverything you need to do your job Extranet PortalOne-to-One relationships Portals OrderEntry CRM WebContent Support ProductLiterature ERP KnowledgeBase TrainingSchedules (P. Hinssen)

26. Knowledge work systems A recent Slashdot posting reports that, according to both PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG, more than 90% of corporate spreadsheets contain material errors. With each error costing between $10K and 100K per month, one expert estimates corporate America loses in excess of $10B annually through the misuse and abuse of spreadsheets.

27. Organizational Capital Source: E. Brynjolfsson, keynote at MIT Sloan, 19 April 2002 Annual Conference

28. B B B E E E A A A D D D C C C B E D E C Operationele bedrijfsprocessen • informatie? • flexibiliteit? • compliance? • effectiviteit? • efficiëntie?

29. INFORMATION CAPTURING VALIDATION AND ANNOTATION INTEGRATIONANDIMPLEMENTATION INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION Business Warehousing Archiving Content Management Business Intelligence Reporting Email Visualization Portals Messaging RFID Digital Culture Verification Quality Taxonomies The Information Value Chain

31. Resultaten van investeringen in informatiesystemen

32. Email • Symptoms: • Volume • Time • Broadcasts • Lost Knowledge • Spam • Attachments • Viruses • Security • The real problems: • Content management • Expertise • Document management • Routing • Workflow • Attitude • … Spam is a problem, a big problem, but the solution is easy: Delete. The real problem is the rest of the emails

33. Advantages of email • Fast • Inexpensive • Electronic, • Stored, provides a record • Independent of time and place • Great for sharing and distributing documents • Can eliminate telephone tag • Reduces hierarchy • Supports collaboration • Supports virtual teams and teleworking • Has changed the way we do business!! Advantages for the sender, or the receiver?

34. The Dark side • Growing at 40% each year • 30 messages per day in 2007 is 82 messages per day in 2010 • Cost of time wasted is huge • Often 3 to 4 hours per day spent on e-mail without any offsetting reductions in other work • Taking over our lives • 40% of people take computers on vacation with them to avoid e-mail backlog when they return to their offices • E-mail is upsetting both organizations and people • The cost of time wasted by poor e-mail habits is estimated to be $20+ million per year in an organization of 10,000 employees • Much, perhaps most, of the e-mail we receive each day is just time-wasting, mind-numbing noise

35. Zachman Framework What How Where Who When Why 1 Contextual/ Scope 2 Conceptual/ Enterprise 3 Logical/ IS Functionality 4 Physical/ Design 5 As Built/ Subcontractor 6 Functioning/ Code Entity Relationship Entity Input Process Output Node Line Node Organization Reporting Organization Event Cycle Event Objective Precedent Objective