ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS IN INDUSTRIALIZATION

1. ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYPARKS IN INDUSTRIALIZATION Isaac O. Nyambok University of Nairobi

2. Conceptual Framework • Development in the last three decades • Synergies between Government, private sector and research institutions (University) • Interfacing of research and commercial development of products • Research results and launching of new knowledge-based industries.

3. Convergence of Interests • Government’s • Economic development founded on industrial growth • Human capitalization and population retention

4. Private Sector Industries • Competitive advantage founded on innovations and application of R & D results • Acquisition of new skills and technology

5. Universities or Research Institutions • Additional independent income • Transfer of technology • Base for innovation and research • Profile and change of culture

6. Required Strategies • Bringing together innovators and entrepreneurs • Merging knowledge and industrial production • Interfacing experiments and business planning or incubation

7. Location • S and T Parks normally situated: • Close to areas of highest research programmes • Abundance of technical know-how and customized instrumentation and laboratory set-ups • Close to the hub of industrial activities

8. Main Goals • Provision of focal points for research and development (R & D) and innovations • Creation of business support and technology transfer initiatives • Support provision for start-ups and incubation of innovation-led, high growth, knowledge-based enterprises • Linkage between industry and universities and/or research institutions

9. Categories of Science and Technology Parks • One wholly owned by a university • A joint venture between a university and other partners • A co-operative project involving a university, local authorities and other partners • A consortium of several research institutions and the private sector

10. Types of Enterprises and Ownership • Majority of enterprises may not be involved in incubation, but the technology beyond the discovery phases

11. Types of Enterprises • Research-based value added resellers • Those merging technology developed by others with their own for enhanced new composite products • Those assembling and selling technology developed by themselves • Those catering for consultancy services • Those providing a base for contract research

12. Ownership of the Park • Real estate owner (e.g. University of Nairobi) • Participatory owners (those engaged in specific aspects or units and are so providing funds) • Affiliates (not owners) involved in research collaboration, but will share in the benefits derived from intellectual property rights.

13. Measures of Success • Convergence of highly committed and talented personnel, and venture capital • In-built components for technology transfer, generation of income, company formation and growth, and high profile and occupancy rate • Contribution to the national economic growth and industrial development

14. Addition of value to the natural and other resources (raw materials) • Inward investment, floatation, awards for success stories • Payment of royalties and re-investment in knowledge capital and innovation capacity • After commercialization through venture capital, the Parks must be self-sustaining and be able to generate extra income to the investors/owners.

15. THAT IS OUR EXPECTATION FROM THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS IN SPURRING INDUSTRIALIZATION

16. THANK YOU