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Estimating Requirements and Costs of 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas

Estimating Requirements and Costs of 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas. Gunnar Schwoch DLR Institute of Flight Guidance Braunschweig , Germany ICNS 2012 24 th – 26 th April 2012. Utopia. More efficient procedures than holdings / trombones desired

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Estimating Requirements and Costs of 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas

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  1. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas Gunnar Schwoch DLR Institute of Flight Guidance Braunschweig, Germany ICNS 2012 24th – 26th April 2012

  2. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Utopia • More efficientproceduresthanholdings/trombonesdesired • 4D trajectorieswithdirectroutingtoincreaseefficiency • High density TMAs pose a challengetopredictionandcompliance • Research startswithUtopia: • Ideal scenario • Nouncertainties • Directrouting (twomergepointsonly) • Upperboundsforefficiencygain • Whatarethechallenges?

  3. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 PreliminaryCondiserationsGround Side TrajectoryPredictions • Initial trajectorypredictionbased on aircraftmodel, atmosphereandweatherforecast • Example: Airbus A320 trajectory, 67 t TOM, using BADA 3.9 • Flight altitude (FL) • Groundspeed • CAS • Mach * 100

  4. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 PreliminaryCondiserationsGround Side TrajectoryPredictions • Error in trajectorypredictionrequirescompensationmeasures • Influence on flight time witherrors in specificparameters 200 NM beforetouchdown (Airbus A320 BADA model):

  5. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 PreliminaryCondiserationsGround Side TrajectoryPredictions • Variabilityofthearrival time (Airbus A320 BADA model) • „Snapshot“ oftheaircraft‘spossibilitiesat 200 NM fromtouchdown • Range approx. -105 s (high speed) to +165 s (lowspeed)

  6. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario Design • Based on an actualbusydayof real traffic • All scenarioscontain 1377 identicalflights • Threerunways (onefordeparturesonly) • Two „families“ ofscenariosarecreated: • Conventionalscenariofamilyas a „lowerbound“ forefficiencymeasuring • Utopiascenariofamilywith (nearly) directrouting

  7. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario DesignScenario Family Conventional • Based on today‘sdepartureandapproachpatterns: • SIDs/STARs • Guidancealongtrombone (downwind-upwindlegs) • Variance in lengthoftrombone • Shortestpossible • Typical • Longestpossible • Conflict-freebaselinescenario

  8. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario DesignScenario Family Utopia • Directroutingwithasfewwaypointsaspossible • Arrivals: Great circleroutes fromairportoforiginto oneoftwomergepoints, ContinuousDescent Approach • Assignmentofmergepoint depending on locationof airportoforigin

  9. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario DesignScenario Family Utopia • Directroutingwithasfewwaypointsaspossible • Departures: Small straight segmentfortake-off, greatcircle route todestination airport, ContinuousClimbDeparture • No additional requirements departures

  10. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario DesignScenario Family Utopia Basic Utopia: • Runway thresholdtimesastheonly time constraint • Flightsareseparatedatthreshold • Fixed sequencesince TOD • Whatkindofdisturbances canbecompensated? • Whatmeasuresarenecessary?

  11. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Scenario DesignAssessment method Indicatorsare: • Average flight time Longerflighttimesindicatedelay • Average flightpathlength Longerflightpathsindicatehigherfuelconsumption • Average modelfuelconsumption Based on BADA 3.9 • Numberoftrajectoryplanningconflicts -> Safety KPA Simulation tool: TrafficSim (DLR)

  12. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflictDetection Definition of a conflict in thisscope: • Lateral separationoflessthan 3.0 NM and • Verticalseparationof • Lessthan 1000 ft (cruise) • Lessthan 3000 ft (at least one A/C climbing/descending) • Values for experimental purposesonly! • Gaineddata: Conflictarea (4D positionsofaircraftatbegin/end ofconflict)

  13. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflictDetection Detectionby type ofconflict: • Arrival-arrivalconflict/ Departure-departureconflict • Rare in thisscenario(sequencebuilding) • Ifany: Solvedbysequencechangeor slight time modification • Arrival-departureconflict • Majorityofconflictsas a resultofcrossingtracks • Different resolutionstrategies

  14. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflict Resolution Conflict Resolution byconstrainingdepartures • Climbprocedureisinterruptedbylevelsegmentbelowconflictarea • Lateral border: Conflictarea • Verticalborder: Lowestaltitudeofbothaircraftwithinconflictarea

  15. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflict Resolution Conflict Resolution byconstrainingarrivals Strategy1 (V1) • Arrivingaircraft‘sdescentprofileismodified tostayabovetheconflictarea • Conflictareaisavoidedbyinterruptingdescent andflying a levelsegment • Lateral pathstretchingmanoeuvrebecomesnecessary asaircrafthaspassedits TOD • New conflictsatmergepointsmaybeinduced

  16. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflict Resolution Conflict Resolution byconstrainingarrivals Strategy2 (V2) • Arrivingaircraft‘sdescentprofileisalteredtostaybelowtheconflictarea • Top ofDescenthastobemoved • No lateral route change • Nofurtherconflictsareinduced

  17. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflict Resolution Conflict Resolution byconstrainingarrivals Top ofDescentcomparison • V1 leaves TOD (nearly) intact • CDA passesthroughconflictarea • V2 moves TOD byapprox. 20 NM

  18. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionConflict Resolution Conflict Resolution byconstrainingarrivals Top ofDescentcomparison • V1 leaves TOD (nearly) intact • CDA passesthroughconflictarea • V2 moves TOD byapprox. 20 NM

  19. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ConflictDetectionand ResolutionCreatingtheconflict-freescenarioUtopia • ExamplescenarioUtopiawith 1377 flights • 76 conflictsdetected • Automaticconflictresolutionapplied

  20. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ResultsUtopia vs. Conventionalscenario • Resultsfortraveltimesand BADA fuelusage • Conflictresolutionhas a verysmallinfluence • Most gains in last 40 NM

  21. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 ResultsUtopia vs. Conventionalscenario • Resultsfortraveltimesand BADA fuelusage • Conflictresolutionhas a verysmallinfluence • Departuregainssmaller: Controllabilityis on theground

  22. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Conclusions • Laboratory environmentforestimationofcosts/requirementsestablished • Conflict-freescenarioUtopiapossiblewith • Little cost • No lateral re-routing

  23. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Conclusions • Laboratory environmentforestimationofcosts/requirementsestablished • Conflict-freescenarioUtopiapossiblewith • Little cost • No lateral re-routing but • Precisetrajectorypredictionnecessary: deconflictionstartsbefore TOD • Separation criteriaare a mix ofusedandexpectedvalues • Usedmodelenvironment: • No wind, standardatmosphere • 100% equippedaircraft

  24. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Future work • Situation dependentconflictresolution • Variation ofseparationminima • Introductionofweather (forecastedandactual) • Inclusionof • Overflights • Traffic to/fromsurroundingairports

  25. • ICNS 2012 • Gunnar Schwoch • EstimatingRequirementsandCostsof 4D ATM in High Density Terminal Areas • 26th April 2012 Thankyou! Questions?

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