UNIT B HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

1. UNIT BHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4.02 Explain the relationship between communication and employee morale, motivation, and productivity.

2. Communication The process of transferring a message from the sender to the receiver. • Non-verbal • Personal appearance • Body language • Verbal • Reading • Writing • Speaking • Listening

3. Morale The attitude or mental state of an employee with respect to his/her job and the business for which he/she works.

4. Factors that affect employee morale • The business itself • Job position or type of work • Wages that an employee earns and the pay plan under which he/she works • Productivity pay • Straight salary • Opportunity for advancement within the business • Types of benefits • Job security

5. Factors that affect employee morale (cont.) • Working conditions and surroundings • Physical surroundings • Equipment and supplies • Temperature control • Parking close to business

6. Factors that affect employee morale (cont.) • Management • Accessibility • Level of communication • Expectations • Policies • Supervision • Criticism and evaluations • Employee factors • Work life • Personal life

7. Techniques used to measure employee morale • Surveys and questionnaires completed by employees • Suggestion boxes for anonymous employee input • Informal observations and questioning by the employer • Exit interviews

8. Motivation The reason that an employee behaves a certain way and the different ways of encouraging him/her to behave as the employer prefers. • Theories of employee motivation • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Managers • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • A theory that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy and must be fulfilled in the order of importance to the individual.

10. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Managers • A theory that identifies two types of managers and the assumptions each makes about employees. • Theory X manager assumes that employees have to be forced to work and that positive reinforcement is not effective. • Theory Y manager believes that the value of work, recognition, and a need for responsibility are the motivating factors for employees.

11. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory • A theory that suggests that employee behavior is affected by a motivational factor and a hygiene factor. • Motivational factor includes the work itself and the opportunity that exists for advancement and recognition. • Hygiene factor includes routine provision for employees such as good working conditions, fair salaries, status, and consistency in business policies.

12. Ways to motivate employees • Provide meaningful work by offering a range of job responsibilities. • Involve employees in decision making by letting them make suggestions. • Give recognition to employees informally and formally. • Provide performance evaluations at least once a year to help employees recognize their strengths and weaknesses. Set goals and plans to help employees be more productive. • Reward employees for their performance or achievement.

13. Productivity The measure of an employee’s average output per hour during a specific period of time, such as a day, a week, a month, or a year. • For a business to be profitable, employees of that business must produce the required quantity of a satisfactory good or service in a reasonable amount of time.

14. The importance of open communication between employees and employers • One-to-one communication allows the employee and the employer to better understand each other’s attitudes, behaviors, and values. Lack of communication leads to misunderstanding. • Employees perform more satisfactorily when there is open communication, direct instruction, and when work expectations are clear.

15. The importance of open communication between employees and employers (cont.) • Consistent feedback or communication to the employee is necessary for satisfactory productivity. • Generally, more open and comfortable communication results in higher employee morale.

16. The importance of open communication between employees and employers (cont.) • A happy employee is generally more productive. • Employee absenteeism and the rate of employee turnover are lower when morale is high. • High employee morale is a factor in a positive business image and good public relations.

17. The importance of open communication between employees and employers (cont.) • Feeling that an open line of communication exists with management motivates most employees. • Positive motivation makes employees feel appreciated, builds self-esteem, and generally helps maintain an open line of communication.

18. The importance of open communication between employees and employers (cont.) • Frequent feedback or follow-up is important to employees, and formal evaluations or work reviews should be done at least once a year.