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THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY

THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY. BLOOD IS A MULTI-PURPOSE FLUID SERVES 3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS TRANSPORT NUTRIENTS, GASES, WASTES, HORMONES* REGULATION HELPS CONTROL BODY TEMP BODY PH PROTECTION CONTAINS SPECIALIZED CELLS AND CHEMICALS THAT FIGHT FOREIGN INVADERS (PATHOGENS).

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THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY

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  1. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY

  2. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • BLOOD IS A MULTI-PURPOSE FLUID • SERVES 3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS • TRANSPORT • NUTRIENTS, GASES, WASTES, HORMONES* • REGULATION • HELPS CONTROL BODY TEMP • BODY PH • PROTECTION • CONTAINS SPECIALIZED CELLS AND CHEMICALS THAT FIGHT FOREIGN INVADERS (PATHOGENS)

  3. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • WHAT DETERMINES THE FUNCTION OF BLOOD? • WHAT DETERMINES THE FUNCTION OF ANYTHING? • STRUCTURE!!! • HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT MAKES UP BLOOD?? • WE CENTRIFUGE IT!! • A SPECIALIZED MACHINETHAT SPINS RAPIDLY, CAUSING MATERIALSTO SEPARATE BYDENSITY

  4. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • WHAT WE SEE AFTER CENTRIFUGING BLOOD:

  5. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • BLOOD IS MADE UP OF 4 COMPONENTS • PLASMA • LIQUID PORTION OF BLOOD; MOSTLY WATER • APPEARS YELLOW • RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS AND WASTES • CONTAINS DIFFERENT PROTEINS (EX. ANTIBODIES) • RED BLOOD CELLS • A.K.A. “ERYTHROCYTES” • RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSPORT OF GASES • CONTAIN HEMOGLOBIN, WHICH IS WHAT BINDS OXYGEN • RED BLOOD CELLS ARE MADE BY BONE MARROW…NEW BLOOD CELLS MADE EVERY 120 DAYS OR SO • WHAT IS ANEMIA??

  6. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • BLOOD IS MADE UP OF 4 COMPONENTS • WHITE BLOOD CELLS • A.K.A “LEUKOCYTES” • DEFENDERS OF THE BODY…INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE (PROTECTION) • PLATELETS • CELL FRAGMENTS INVOLVED IN BLOOD CLOTTING • HOW DOES BLOOD CLOTTING WORK? • WHAT IS HEMOPHILIA?

  7. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • DESIGNED TO CARRY OUT CONSTANT PROTECTION OF THE BODY • WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENDING OUR BODY FROM? • PATHOGENS • MICRO-ORGANISMS THAT CAUSE DISEASE

  8. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION • FIRST-LINE DEFENSES • THE IDEA IS STOP THE PATHOGEN BEFORE IT CAN GET IN!! • SKIN, SWEAT, TEARS, SALIVA, MUCUS STOMACH ACID • SECOND-LINE DEFENSE • A.K.A.” THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE” • DAMAGE TO CELLS RELEASE CHEMICALS THAT CAUSE INCREASED CIRCULATION TO THE DAMAGED AREA; LEADING TO SWELLING, REDNESS, WARMTH, ETC… • MACROPHAGES (TYPE OF WBC) GO TO SITE TO CONSUME PATHOGEN…EVENTUALLY RESULTS IN FORMATION OF PUS • RECENT DISCOVERY  “INTERFERON” • SPECIAL SUBSTANCE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO COUNTER VIRUSES SPREADING INSIDE THE BODY • THIRD-LINE DEFENSE  A.K.A. “THE IMMUNE RESPONSE” • HERE COMES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM!!

  9. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • THE IMMUNE RESPONSE • INVOLVED IN THE RECOGNITION AND DESTRUCTION OF FOREIGN MATERIALS • IMMUNITY  THE ABILITY TO FIGHT INFECTION THROUGH PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES OR CELLS TO INACTIVATE FOREIGN SUBSTANCES • WHAT MAKES SOMETHING A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE? • ANTIGEN  ANY SUBSTANCE THAT CAUSES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE • EACH PERSON HAS THEIR OWN MATERIAL THAT THEIR IMMUNE SYSTEM RECOGNIZES, BUT IT WOULD BE AN ANTIGEN IN ANY OTHER INDIVIDUAL

  10. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • HOW DOES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WORK?

  11. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • IN SUMMARY: • B CELLS • ANTIBODIES • T CELLS

  12. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • TYPES OF IMMUNITY • ACTIVE IMMUNITY VERSUS PASSIVE IMMUNITY

  13. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • WHAT’S THE DEAL WITH A VACCINATION? • VACCINE • DEF  • WHAT TYPE OF IMMUNITY IS IT? • ACTIVE!! • WHY??

  14. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • WHAT’S THE DEAL WITH BLOOD TYPES?

  15. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • WHAT’S THE DEAL WITH THE (+) OR (-) • IT IS SOMETHING CALLED “Rh” • DEALS WITH THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF A SPECIAL PROTEIN • MATTERS FOR TRANSFUSIONS & PREGNANCY!!

  16. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • RH FACTOR… • ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS • PREVENT BYRHOGAM SHOT

  17. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • BLOOD TYPING AND RH FACTOR IS ESSENTIAL IN BEING ABLE TO TRANSFUSE BLOOD SUCCESSFULLY!! • WHY IS TYPE O NEGATIVE BLOOD CONSIDERED THE UNIVERSAL DONOR? • WHY IS TYPE AB POSITIVE BLOOD CONSIDERED TO BE THE UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT?

  18. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS • AIDS (HIV) • VIRUS THAT ATTACKS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ITSELF, DESTROYING THE BODY’S ABILITY TO FIGHT INFECTION • OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS!! • ALLERGIES • AN OVER-REACTION TO A NORMALLY NON-HARMFUL ANTIGEN (**ALLERGEN**) • CAUSES AN EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF HISTAMINE…HENCE WE TAKE… • AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASES • DISEASES WHERE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FAILS TO RECOGNIZE CELLS AS SELF…SO IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS OWN BODY

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  24. THE BLOOD AND IMMUNITY • YOU KNOW WHEN YOU FALL AND HURT YOURSELF…AND EVERYONE SAYS, BREATH IT OUT…WHAT THE HECK ISGOING ON WHEN YOU BREATH, ANYWAY? • THAT’S NEXTCHAPTER!!GAS EXCHANGE!!

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