The Great War 1914-1918 Chapter 29: Sec-4

1. The Great War1914-1918Chapter 29: Sec-4

2. C-29 S-4: A Flawed Peace • After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling betrayed • Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause WW II

3. How is an armistice different than surrendering? • An armistice is different from surrendering. It's the stopping of fighting so both sides find a truce. Surrendering is the declaration of defeat by one side. The winning side provides the terms of surrender.

4. Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson Wilson’s Plan for Peace Known as the Fourteen Points, they outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace. The guiding idea behind those points was self-determination. The fourteenth point was a “League of Nations.”

5. Treaty of Versailles • Left to Right, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America

6. Treaty of Versailles

7. Treaty of Versailles

8. This map shows the areas that Germany lost following the Treaty of Versailles.

9. Treaty of Versailles • Germany was required to assume sole responsibility for the war. • Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies • German anger towards this treaty was used by the Nazis to gain power.

10. Casualties Allied (Entente) Powers: Central Powers: Military dead:4,386,000 Military wounded: 8,388,000 Military missing: 3,629,000 • Military dead:5,525,000 • Military wounded: 12,831,500 • Military missing: 4,121,000

11. Shell Shock

12. Shell Shock: By the end of World War One the British Army had dealt with 80,000 cases of shell shock

13. The Treaty of Versailles June 1919

14. Woodrow Wilson USA David Lloyd-George Great Britain The Big Four Vittorio Orlando Italy Georges Clemenceau France

15. The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

16. What did France want from the treaty? Security Revenge Reparations Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future. He was determined that Germany should be made to pay for the damage that had been caused in northern France by the invading German armies. Clemenceau : The Tiger

17. What did Britain Want? In public Lloyd-George said he wanted to punish the Germans. The British public was very anti-German at the end of the war. In private he realised that Britain needed Germany to recover because she was an important trading partner. He was also worried about the “disease from the east”, communism. The Russian government had been overthrown by a communist revolution in 1917. Lloyd-George believed that the spread of communism had to be stopped. A strong Germany would be a barrier against it. David Lloyd-George

18. What did America Want? Woodrow Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his Fourteen Points He believed Germany should be punished but not severely. He wanted a just settlement that would not leave Germany feeling resentful Wilson wanted to set up an international organisation called The League of Nations which would settle disputes The American public did not support him. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more isolationist. Woodrow Wilson

19. 100,000 De-militarised The Military Clauses

20. Territorial Losses Germany lost ALL of her overseas colonies Alsace-Lorraine was given to France

22. The War Guilt Clause "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, theresponsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." Article 231 GERMANY FORCED TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

23. REPARATIONS Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at £6,600 million

24. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria

25. A Peace Built on Quicksand • Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of bitterness on both sides• German people feel bitter and betrayed after taking blame for war• America never signs Treaty of Versailles - many Americans oppose League of Nations and involvement with Europe• Some former colonies express anger over not winning independence• Japan, Italy criticize agreement; gain less land than they want

26. Important Facts • World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many governments • The war propelled the United States to a new position of international power, which it retains today.

27. Important Facts • Unrestricted submarine warfare was the use of submarines to sink any ships (without warning) that are in enemy waters. • The 2 actions that brought the United States into WWI: • German U-boats sank 3 American ships • Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico

28. Important Facts • A total war is one in which all of a country’s resources are devoted to the war effort. • Rationing is limiting the amount of goods people can buy – often imposed in wartime by governments, when goods are in short supply.

29. Important Facts • Propaganda is information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent’s cause. • An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 bringing WWI to an end.

30. Important Facts • After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling betrayed • Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause WW II

31. Important Facts • The Fourteen Points were a plan for the postwar world. • The policy of self-determination is allowing people to decide for themselves what government that they wished to live under.

32. Important Facts • Germany was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles. • The League of Nations was an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations.

33. Important Facts • The United States rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the idea of the League of Nations. • Many in the United States desired to stay out of European affairs.