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Do Now – Answer the following questions. What does it mean when a chemist says, “Nicotine is an ACh agonist”? A(n) ________ impulse makes the post-synaptic neuron want to fire a signal, whereas a(n) ________ impulse stops the post-synaptic neuron from firing.
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Do Now – Answer the following questions. • What does it mean when a chemist says, “Nicotine is an ACh agonist”? • A(n) ________ impulse makes the post-synaptic neuron want to fire a signal, whereas a(n) ________ impulse stops the post-synaptic neuron from firing. • What does the word “reticulum” mean? • Before an axon depolarizes, the ions inside the axonhave a net ________ charge and the fluid on theoutside of the axon has a ________ charge.
Agenda • Do Now • Free Response Rewrite • The History of the Neuron Discussion • Intro to Nervous System • Central vs. Peripheral • Homework: • CrashCourse due Friday • AP Supplemental Texts and more pretty pictures now available!! • Pictures of synapses, neurons, reflex loop, nervous system, etc.
AP Free Response • Two 7-point questions in 50 minutes • You had 2 7-point questions in 20 minutes • However, AP test questions will be more rigorous • These are college tests. • The level of difficulty is such that you should be able to complete them in 20 minutes. • However, at least one person earned the points in each section. This means everything has been covered. Multiple times. • You need to master the language surrounding these topics. • You can’t get by on laymen’s terms anymore. • HIGHLIGHT vocabulary words
Free Response – Question 1 • A researcher wants to understand the role of friendship in people’s lives but there is very little empirical work on the topic and even fewer theories of human friendship. She reads an article in a biology journal arguing for a theory that one of the functions of friendship is to promote adaptive functioning. The authors report that in field observations female baboons that have friends are healthier, have less stress (lower cortisol levels) and are better problem-solvers than those female baboons that don’t have friends. Can she conclude that friendship causes these beneficial effects? Why or why not? Explain several alternative interpretations of this pattern of findings.
Free Response – Question 1 • A researcher wants to understand the role of friendship in people’s lives but there is very little empirical work on the topic and even fewer theories of human friendship. She reads an article in a biology journal arguing for a theory that one of the functions of friendship is to promote adaptive functioning. The authors report that in field observations female baboons that have friends are healthier, have less stress (lower cortisol levels) and are better problem-solvers than those female baboons that don’t have friends. Can she conclude that friendship causes these beneficial effects? Why or why not? Explain several alternative interpretations of this pattern of findings.
Free Response – Question 1 • A researcher wants to understand the role of friendship in people’s lives but there is very little empirical work on the topic and even fewer theories of human friendship. She reads an article in a biology journal arguing for a theory that one of the functions of friendship is to promote adaptive functioning. The authors report that in field observations female baboons that have friends are healthier, have less stress (lower cortisol levels) and are better problem-solvers than those female baboons that don’t have friends. Can she conclude that friendship causes these beneficial effects? Why or why not? Explain several alternative interpretations of this pattern of findings.
Free Response – Question 1 • A researcher wants to understand the role of friendship in people’s lives but there is very little empirical work on the topic and even fewer theories of human friendship. She reads an article in a biology journal arguing for a theory that one of the functions of friendship is to promote adaptive functioning. The authors report that in field observations female baboons that have friends are healthier, have less stress (lower cortisol levels) and are better problem-solvers than those female baboons that don’t have friends. Can she conclude that friendship causes these beneficial effects? Why or why not? Explain several alternative interpretations of this pattern of findings.
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis.
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis.
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis. • Hypothesis Testing (H0 and H1)
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis.
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis. • Research designs: • Case Study • Naturalistic Observation • Survey • Correlational Study • Experiment • Longitudinal / Cross-Sectional
Free Response – Question 2 • She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis. • p-values indicate significance
Question 1: A researcher wants to understand the role of friendship in people’s lives but there is very little empirical work on the topic and even fewer theories of human friendship. She reads an article in a biology journal arguing for a theory that one of the functions of friendship is to promote adaptive functioning. The authors report that in field observations female baboons that have friends are healthier, have less stress (lower cortisol levels) and are better problem-solvers than those female baboons that don’t have friends. Can she conclude that friendship causes these beneficial effects? Why or why not?Explain several alternative interpretations of thispattern of findings. • Question 2: She decides she would like to test the theory proposed by the authors of the baboon work in humans. State the theory, derive a concrete and testable hypothesis from it and explain how you would test this hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables, provide a very brief description of the procedure, and explain what the results would mean for your hypothesis.
First things first… • What is a nerve? • Simply put, a bundle of neurons. • More precisely, a bundle ofaxons coated in myelin thatare routed together. • What is the Nervous System? • A system of nerves that carryinformation to and from allparts of the body. • A network of specialized nervecells which allow your brain tocommunicate with other partsof your body.
Nervous System - CNS • Brain and Spinal Cord • Forebrain (Myers, p.64) • Primitive Brain Structures • The Brainstem • Pons • Medulla • Reticular Formation • The Thalamus • The Reticular Formation • The Cerebellum
Nervous System - CNS • Brain and Spinal Cord • Forebrain (Myers, p.64) • Limbic System • Amygdala • Hippocampus
Nervous System - CNS • Brain and Spinal Cord • Forebrain (Myers, p.64) • Cerebral Cortex • Structures • Sulci (singular: Sulcus) • Gyri (singular: Gyrus) • Sensory Areas • Association Areas • Lobes • Frontal lobe • Parietal Lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal Lobe
