Me, My Space & Eye: Sharing, Privacy and Trust in the Networked World

1. Me, My Space & Eye: Sharing, Privacy and Trust in the Networked World Alane Wilson Computers in Libraries April 16, 2007

3. OCLC Reports http://www.oclc.org/reports

4. Me, mine, ours • Individual-driven content rising: • Personal publishing (web pages/Blogs) • Digital images/video (flickr, Picasa, YouTube) • cataloging, tagging. (e.g., del.icio.us, furl, digg, LibraryThing) • The Network as community • Online gaming, VOIP, chat • Community authorship - open content (Wikipedia), open source software • Myspace, Facebook, Twitter: personal presence services • Instant verification: • RSS, blogs, search engines, online news, opinion sites, fact-checking sites, etc. post and process news and opinion swiftly • The wisdom of the crowd • Google’s Page-Rank uses “link-love” to rank value • Amazon recommendations • “hive mind”

6. Driven by Ubicomp Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives." Mark Weiser • The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else. • The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant. • The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are; the computer should extend your unconscious. • Technology should create calm. • In Designing Calm Technology, Weiser and John Seeley Brown describe calm technology as "that which informs but doesn't demand our focus or attention".

7. Survey Respondents – by Geography United Kingdom Canada Germany 846 970 921 France 821 United States 1,801 Japan 804 Link Total: 6,163

8. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q525:Thinking of your overall usage of the Internet, how many years would you estimate you have been using the Internet? I don't remember More than 10 years 7 to 10 years 4 to 6 years 1 to 3 years Less than one year 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

9. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public The Culture of PaperQ515: Overall, how much time do you estimate you spend reading on a weekly basis? (Including books, magazines, online Web sites, blogs, etc.) More than 30 hours 21 to 30 hours 11 to 20 hours 5 to 10 hours Fewer than 5 hours 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

10. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q520: During the last 12 months, has the amount you have read in any format increased, decreased or remained the same? Decreased Remained the same Increased 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

11. Q850. Do you have a current library card?

12. Q855. During the past 12 months, how often did you go to the library either in person or online?

13. Q870. Which library do you primarily use? Link

14. Read online (electronic) books Created Web page(s)/site(s) Contributed information to other's Web page(s)/site(s) Browsed for information using a search engine (e.g., Google, Yahoo , Ask.com, etc.) Borrowed items or searched for specific items through the library Web site Blogged or wrote an online diary/journal Accessed business-related social networking sites (e.g., LinkedIn, SelectMinds, etc.) Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q530: Online Activities 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

15. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q530: Online Activities (continued) Used chat rooms Used an online question service (e.g., Yahoo Answers, ask- a-librarian service, Google Answers, etc.) Used a social networking site (e.g., MySpace, Friendster, Xanga, Facebook, Classmates.com, etc.) Used a social media site (e.g., Flickr, Snapfish, Shutterfly, YouTube, etc.) Sent or received instant messages Sent or received e-mails Read someone's blog 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

16. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Total Librarians Librarians Age 50 or Older Librarians Age 49 or Younger Social Networking: Yes Social Networking: No Q530: Online Activities-Librarians Accessed Blogged or Borrowed Browsed for Contributed Created Web Read online Read business- wrote an online items or information information to page(s)/site(s) (electronic) someone's related social diary/journal searched for using a search other's Web books blog networking specific items engine (e.g., page(s)/site(s) sites (e.g., through the Google, Yahoo LinkedIn, library Web , Ask.com, SelectMinds, site etc.) etc.)

17. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Total Librarians Librarians Age 50 or Older Librarians Age 49 or Younger Social Networking: Yes Social Networking: No Q530:Online Activities-Librarians (continued) Sent or received e- Sent or received Used a social media Used a social Used an online Used chat rooms mails instant messages site (e.g., Flickr, networking site question service Snapfish, Shutterfly, (e.g., MySpace, (e.g., Yahoo YouTube, etc.) Friendster, Xanga, Answers, ask-a- Facebook, librarian service, Classmates.com, Google Answers, etc.) etc.)

18. Privacy Dilemma "Privacy has no one single meaning in society; it has many…privacy has legal, institutional, consumer, medical, workplace, telecommunications and a vast number of other venues in which it plays a role. Consequently, we must live and work in a tapestry of privacy.” Robert O. Mason. “A Tapestry of Privacy: A meta-discussion.”

19. Privacy1 vs Privacy2 • Privacy1: Ensuring that your personal information doesn’t fall into the wrong hands. (“Confidentiality”) • Privacy2: The ability to go about your daily life without leaving a trail; the ability to read (speak, attend meetings, etc.) anonymously. (“Anonymity”)

20. PrivacyA Poll on Campaign Finance Proposition 1:Who are our political candidates taking money from? This should be public information.(Agree/Disagree?) Proposition 2:What political candidates are you giving money to? This should be public information.(Agree/Disagree?) Steve Worona, EDUCAUSE

21. Social security number Associations you belong to Books you have read Income Cell phone number Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.) Credit and/or debit card information Telephone number Birthday (month, date and year) Street address Last name First name E-mail address None of the above Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q765: Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself when you were browsing for and/or purchasing music, movies, books and other retail items? 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Link

22. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q725:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social media Web site(s)? First name Last name E-mail address Street address Telephone number Cell phone number Marital/relationship status Birthday (month, date and year) Income Credit and/or debit card information Social security number Physical attributes (e.g., height, weight, etc.) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 90% 80%

23. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q725:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social media Web site(s)? (continued) Photos/videos Personality attributes (e.g., caring, shy, outgoing, etc.) Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.) Books you have read Religious affiliation Self-published information Associations you belong to Health information Sexual preference Political affiliation None of the above 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 90% 80%

24. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 90% 80% Q625: Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social networking Web site(s)? First name Last name E-mail address Street address Telephone number Cell phone number Marital/relationship status Birthday (month, date and year) Income Credit and/or debit card information Social security number Physical attributes (e.g., height, weight, etc.)

25. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 90% 80% Q625:Which of the following types of information have you ever supplied about yourself on social networking Web site(s)? (continued) Photos/videos Personality attributes (e.g., caring, shy, outgoing, etc.) Subjects of interest (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.) Books you have read Religious affiliation Self-published information Associations you belong to Health information Sexual preference Political affiliation None of the above Link

26. Q1091_4. For each of the following types of information you may have provided at the library, please indicate which of the following you would be willing to share. Items borrowed from the library Base: Used Library In Person Or Online

27. Q1171_1. For each of the following types of information that can be provided at the library, please indicate which of the following you think your users would be willing to share. Their searching/browsing activities from the library Web site or resources

28. Q881_1. Who do you think should have access to your records with respect to the following library information? Your online searching/browsing patterns

29. Q966_3 In general, when using social networking Web sites, how frequently do you... Provide information online that you might not provide in person? Base: Used Social Networking Site

30. 19% 18% 33% 32% 37% 34% 45% 41% 51% 48% 58% 54% 63% 60% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Q1085:Thinking about the library you primarily use, how strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the statements? I trust the people I meet through the online library The longer I use the library Web site(s), the more I trust it I prefer to remain anonymous I trust the people I meet in the library The longer I use the library in person, the more I trust it I have the same personality online as I do in person I trust the library

31. Q1066_5: Considering the library you primarily use, please rate the degree to which you agree or disagree with the following statements about its online Web site: It has rules on how my personal information will be used. 8%notapplicable 29%stronglyagree 24%not sure 53%strongly agree orsomewhat agree 1% strongly disagree 3% somewhat disagree 12%neither agreenor disagree 24%somewhatagree Total General Public

32. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q911: Please rate how private, if at all, the following information is to you. Social security number or other government issued personal identification number Library card number Subjects you have searched on the Internet Items you have purchased from an online bookstore Items you have purchased from a bookstore in person Subjects you searched while at the library Subjects you searched while using the library Web site Items you have checked out in person from the library Items you have browsed for in person at a bookstore Items you have browsed for at an online bookstore Items you have checked out online from the library Subjects of interest to you (e.g., hobbies, music, articles/journals, etc.) Books you have read 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

33. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q926:For each of the following, please rate how private, if at all, your activity is while using… The library's print collections A library Web site Online bookstores Cable TV Social media Web sites Social networking Web sites Search engines Cell phones Land line telephones at home E-mail at home Online banking/investment Web sites 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

34. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Total General Public Q1076: In thinking about privacy, how important, if at all, is it to you that the library you primarily use would keep ...? Base: General Public Q1161: Please rate how private, if at all, you feel the following information is to your users. Base: Librarians Your searching/browsing patterns while at the library in person private Your searching/browsing patterns on the library Web site or other online services private Your personal information private Your items that you borrowed from the library online private Your items that you borrowed from the library in person private Your information requested from the librarian online private Your information requested from a librarian in person private A policy on privacy 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

35. Librarians Total U.S. Respondents Q971:Thinking about the social networking Web sites you use, how strongly do you agree or disagree I trust the people I meeton the sites Link I trust the Web site(s) I prefer to remain anonymous when using the Web site(s) The longer I use the Web site(s), the more I trust it These Web site(s) help maintain my current relationships These Web site(s) help build new relationships I have the same personality online as I do in person 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

36. Q1210:Library's role to build a social networking siteBase: Use the library 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Yes No Not Sure 0% General Public Total U.S. Respondents Librarians

37. What They Said - Why do you think that it should not be the library’s role to build social networking sites in your community? • I don't know. What I do know is that this survey is way too long, and asking the same questions over and over again. Female 20, Canada • Libraries are for collecting and sharing books and other works. That is all. Female, 14 Canada • Their job is to provide books, that’s all. Male 78, US • la bibliothèque a un rôle social, certes mais a comme but essentiel le prêt de livres[The library has a social role, sure but the essential purpose is to lend books.] Female 16, France • Because I think a library is about storing, lending books etc,the more they diversify the worse the service seems to get, they seem to forget their core service to be seen as 'trendy‘ Female 74, UK • The library is there to lend books, not anything else. Libraries are one of the few things left which haven't been too taken over as yet by technology. Female, 17 UK • [Because I think that a library has no business doing that.] Male 18, Japan

38. What They Said - Why do you think that it should not be the library’s role to build social networking sites in your community? • ich bestimme meine sozialen Kontakte selbst, dafür brauche ich zuallerletzt die Bibliothek[I determine my social contacts myself. A library is the last place I would go for that.] Male 16, Germany • Because there's plenty of other people and organisations that can do that. Libraries should be about knowledge and learning, not social networking. Besides, libraries aren't 'cool', so it likely wouldn't be a big hit. Female 16, UK • [The duty of a library is the lending out of and referencing of books, and other things are useless.] Male 52, Japan • they are in the business of providing access to information, not access to other people! Male 48, US • The library is a place to go to gain knowledge not find your next wife. Many of the libraries are publically funded so I don't want my money going towards such a program. Male 20, Canada • Libraries are publicly funded and could be doing better things eg more books. Male 69, UK

39. What We Said - Why don't you think it should be the library's role to build social networking sites for your community? • It takes too much of the librarian's time---like this survey. (70) • In our library, it would not be used. Our students are apathetic. In a public library, this may be useful and beneficial for the community. Even in a larger academic library it may work for a library to have a myspace presence, but I don't think it would work here. (31) • The only capacity in which I should have a role is for marketing, current awareness, and solicitation for collection development ideas. Otherwise, I have more important things to spend my time on. (42) • We should not reinvent the wheel; successful social networking sites already exist. However, we can take the best parts of social networking sites and incorporate them into our own sites for our own community of users.(32) • In spite of all the 'Library 2.0' BS floating around these days, I do not feel that social networking is a legitimate function of the library. We have PLENTY of other collections and services to keep us busy providing to the public. I simply do not find social network a useful addition to that. (55)

40. What We Said - Why don't you think it should be the library's role to build social networking sites for your community? • We've tried. The community prefers the anonymity of commercial sites. In a small town, no matter what your avatar may be--you are known. (60) • social networking isn't one of our purposes (33) • Because the library is designed to collect, organize and disseminate materials that meet the needs of its users. It also has a responsibility to protect the privacy of people using those materials. Social networking sites built by the library would violate that privacy responsibility. However, if users wanted to create a social networking site, the library could have a place within that site as a resource -- just as it does in the 'real' community. (62) • We have a written internet policy against using chat rooms, networking sites, etc. (55) • I don't view libraries as a social environment. A shared environment maybe, but not social. We are about connecting individual users to information - not connecting users with users.(43) • I work in a seminary (53)

41. Either/Or or And?

43. Thank you! More to Come! All OCLC reports are available for download at http://www.oclc.org/reports. This report’s website http://www.oclc.org/reports/privacyandtrust/default.htm Alane – wilsona@oclc.org