Unit 3: Periodic Table and Atom Structure

1. Unit 3: Periodic Table and Atom Structure Comparing Atoms Periodic Table

2. Reading the Periodic Table • What information is shown? • Atomic Mass • Atomic Number • Element Symbol • Element Name

3. Periodic Table Element Name Atomic Mass Atomic Number Element Symbol 47 Ag Silver 107.87 Which is which?

4. Periodic Table Element Name Atomic Mass Atomic Number Element Symbol 47 Ag Silver 107.87

5. Atomic Number • Number of Protons • What happens if you change the number of protons? • Change the element HUGE amounts of energy to add or remove.

6. Periodic Table 47 Ag Silver 107.87 Atomic Number

7. Atomic Mass • Protons & Neutrons • Increase by amounts > 1 • Different # of Neutrons in nucleus. • Neutrons don’t change charge of atom

8. 0 0 + + 0 Isotopes • Atoms with different amounts of neutrons. A# 1 1 1 M# 1 2 3 + - - - Hydrogen- proteium Hydrogen -deuterium Hydrogen-tritium

9. Periodic Table 47 Ag Silver 107.87 Atomic Mass

10. # 0f Neutrons? • Atomic Mass – Atomic Number 47 Ag Silver 107.87 -47 61 Neutrons 108

11. Periodic Table Atomic Number Element Symbol 47 Ag Silver 107.87 Element Name Atomic Mass

12. Electrons ? • Equal to the Protons • Electron Cloud • Never in the same place • “Buzzing” • Arranged in energy levels

13. Electron Levels • Distance from nucleus increases energy .

14. Electron Levels • The higher the level the more electrons it can hold.

15. Electron Levels • Orbitals 18 18 8 8 2 • We are only concerned with 8 per level

16. Period or row # 1-7, the number of electron shells • Columns 1-8 , Group #’s tell you the # of electrons in the outer shell 1 (1)8 1 2 (1)3 (1)4 (1)5 (1)6 (1)7 2 3 4 5 6 7

17. Types of Elements • Metals • Solid at room temp • Conduct heat & electricity • Shiny • bendable

18. Types of Elements • Non-Metals • Gasses or liquids at room temp • Do not conduct heat or electricity

19. Types of Elements • Metalloids • Next to the crooked line • Exhibit properties of metals & nonmetals

20. Types of Elements • Transition Elements • Transitioning from metal to non-metal

21. Types of Elements • Halogens • Bond easily with groups 1 & 2 to make salts. Most reactive Non-metals

22. Types of Elements • Noble Gasses • These gasses are inert; non-reactive

23. Types of Elements • Alkali Metals • Most Reactive Metals • React with water violently

24. Types of Elements • Alkaline Earth Metals • 2nd most Reactive Metals • React with many things, just not as much as group 1

25. Why do atoms react? • Valance Electrons • Atoms are stable only when their outer shell (valance shell) is full. • Most of the time that means they need 8 valance electrons (Rule of Octet). • Atoms gain or lose electrons to become stable during a chemical reaction.

26. Why do atoms react? • Gaining or losing electrons requires the same amount of energy so… • Atoms will gain or lose electrons based on how many they have in their outer shell • Gaining or losing electrons results in a chemical bond being formed and that atom becomes an Ion (atom with a charge)

27. Drawing Atoms Sodium: Atomic #11 e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

28. Assignments: • Worksheets • “Unknown Elements” • “Elements you NEED to know” • Mr. Bunt will be coming around to grade your folder. BE READY!!!

29. Activity • Pick 4 elements and draw their structure.(5 min) • Move all desks to perimeter. • Class in 2 groups. • As a group pick an element and “ACT” out the arrangement of the sub atomic particles. • 1 person can be the nucleus. • The other team guesses the element of the acting team

30. Electron Actors