1 / 26

Camera Basics

Camera Basics. What does a camera do?. Freezes a moment in time Focuses light through a hole onto a light sensitive film. Camera Obscura. One of the first cameras Means literally “Darkened Room”, it is completely sealed from light except for a very small hole in one wall.

cianna
Download Presentation

Camera Basics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Camera Basics

  2. What does a camera do? • Freezes a moment in time • Focuses light through a hole onto a light sensitive film

  3. Camera Obscura • One of the first cameras • Means literally “Darkened Room”, it is completely sealed from light except for a very small hole in one wall. • An image of the outside world - houses, trees, and even people - could be projected, upside down and reversed, onto a wall or white screen placed opposite the opening. • Camera Obscura used in the Northern Renaissance to create photorealistic paintings

  4. How a Camera Obscura Works:

  5. Jan Vermeer – Young Woman with a Water Pitcher

  6. Pinhole Camera • Modern, portable version of the camera obscura • A light tight box with photo sensitive paper at one end and a “pinhole” at the other • Works by uncovering the pinhole to let a • certain amount of light into the box

  7. What two factors control the amount of light into the pinhole camera? • TIME ( ie. how long you • leave the hole open) 2. SIZE OF THE HOLE This is basically the same two things you control with your 35mm SLR Camera

  8. 35mm SLR Camera • 35 mm – film size • SLR – single lens reflex

  9. SLR vs. Pinhole Camera • SLR has advantage over Pinhole because of lens, which can focus the image With a Pinhole Camera, the image can be unfocused

  10. The lens in an SLR Camera focuses the image to produce a sharper final photo

  11. Inside an SLR Camera Aperture (f-stop) Ring Mirror Film Film Path Of Light

  12. Taking a Picture Mirror swings up Shutters Open Path of Light hits film

  13. Parts of the camera Film rewind crank and knob Shutter Speed Scale Aperture Ring Film advance Arm (lever) Focus Ring Shutter Release Button

  14. Shutter Speeds • interval between shutter opening and closing…measured in fractions of a second e.g., 2 = ½ B 1 2 4 8 15 3060 125 250 500 1000 Slower Faster

  15. Shutter speed determines how long the shutter will be open Shutter closed Shutter Open (film exposed)

  16. Aperture (f-stop) • controls how much light gets to the film through a small diaphragm in the lens 1 1.4 2 2.8 5 5.6 8 11 16 22 more light less light

  17. A wider aperture setting will let in more light A smaller aperture setting will let in less light

  18. Remember that a smaller f-stop (aperture) Means a BIGGER hole! f 2.8 f 4 f 5.6 f 8 f 11 f 16

  19. Split Image Focus Some rangefinder cameras have a system where you adjust the lens to make two squares in the viewfinder line up when the subject is in focus.

  20. Depth of Field • A distance range in which objects appear “acceptably” focussed (e.g., 10’ to 20 ‘) Controlling D of F: • The farther the object > D of F • The smaller the aperture > D of F • The shorter the focal length lens > D of F

  21. Using Aperture to Control Depth of Field f 1.8 f 5.6 f 16

  22. Film Speed (ISO/ASA) Control • 32 --------------------------------------------1000+ • Slow Film Fast Film • slow film: requires more light, offers better resolution (i.e. smaller grain) • fast film: requires less light, poorer resolution (i.e., larger grain)

  23. Exposure Control • Amount of light acting on film must be balanced • Must understand Reciprocity (i.e., same amount or exposure given multiple F-Stops and Shutter Speeds)

  24. How to control Exposure • Can use exposure guide provided in film box (below is typical 400 speed B&W) • Condition F-Stop/Shutter Speed • Indoor lighted F2 – 2.8 | 1/30th • Outdoor Night (street lights) F2 – 2.8 | 1/30th • Outdoor Dawn/Dusk F2.8 – 4 | 1/60th • Outdoor Overcast (shadows) F8 | 1/250th • Outdoor Sunny F 16 | 1/500th • Outdoor Glare (Snow/Water) F22 | 1/500th

  25. + - - 2. Light Meter, either built in or hand held (** provides only a centre average)

  26. 1000 500 250 125 60 30 15 8 4 2 1 - Aperture Priority** **For Fully Manual (match shutter and blinking light)

More Related