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Methods of Carbon Sequestration

Methods of Carbon Sequestration. Jasmine Mullins John Scheetz STSS-4962 03 May 2012. The Problem. Greenhouse Gases: Nitrous Oxide HFCs, PFCs & SF 6 Methane Carbon Dioxide. The Answer?. Terrestrial Geological Aquatic Carbon Sequestration.

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Methods of Carbon Sequestration

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  1. Methods of Carbon Sequestration Jasmine Mullins John Scheetz STSS-4962 03 May 2012

  2. The Problem • Greenhouse Gases: • Nitrous Oxide • HFCs, PFCs & SF6 • Methane • Carbon Dioxide

  3. The Answer? Terrestrial Geological Aquatic Carbon Sequestration

  4. Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration • The amount of carbon stored in the terrestrial ecosystem is obtained through the process of photosynthesis. • The C from CO2is biochemically transformed into carbohydrates necessary for plant growth and structure.

  5. Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Most of the carbon eventually cycles back to the atmosphere through decomposition of the plant material, but a fraction is retained in soils and in wetland sediments.

  6. Geological Carbon Sequestration Two Schools of Thought: • Deep geological injection • Mineral Carbonation

  7. Geological Carbon Sequestration Geological Injection

  8. Geological Carbon Sequestration Mineral Carbonation

  9. Aquatic Carbon Sequestration Three Methods: • Ocean injection • Iron fertilization

  10. Aquatic Carbon Sequestration Ocean Carbon Dioxide Injection

  11. Aquatic Carbon Sequestration Carbon Dioxide Phase Diagram

  12. Aquatic Carbon Sequestration Ocean Iron Fertilization • Ocean Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean (High Nitrate, Low Chlorophyll (HNLC)) waters have the potential to cause rapid plant growth and a “draw-down” in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

  13. Aquatic Carbon Sequestration Ocean Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean • Phytoplankton + Light + CO2 + Nutrients = Growth + O2

  14. Comparison of Different Climate Change Mitigation Methods

  15. References • Bopp, Richard.  “Seq. Notes Part 1.” Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Science. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://ees2.geo.rpi.edu/Bopp/Env%20Geology%20S'12/Notes/I%20CO2%20Sequestration/Seq%20Notes%20Part%201.pdf>. • Caldeira, Ken, Howard Herzog, and Michael Wickett. “Predicting and evaluating the effectiveness of ocean carbon sequestration by direct injection.” First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration, 14-17 May 2001, Washington, D.C. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. <http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/Caldeira_et_al_NETL.pdf>. • House, Kurt Zenz, Daniel Schrag, Charles Harvey, and Klaus Lackner. “Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments.” Comm. By John P. Holdren, Harvard University. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 27 Jun. 2006. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.pnas.org/content/103/33/12291.full.pdf>. • “List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions.” Wikipedia, 26 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Apr 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions>. • Litynski, John T. "AN OVERVIEW OF TERRESTRIAL SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S FOSSIL ENERGY R&D PROGRAM." Environmental-Expert. U.S. DOE, 22 Apr. 2005. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <http://www.environmental-expert.com/Files%5C6063%5Carticles%5C6224%5C774xq72152264757.pdf> • Murray, C.N., L. Visintini, G. Bidoglio, and B. Henry. “Permanent Storage of Carbon Dioxide in the Marine Environment: The Solid CO2 Penetrator.” Greenhouse Gases: Mitigation Option Conference, 22-25 Aug. 1995, London, United Kingdom. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.acri.fr/co2/diox-1.html>. • Oelkers, Eric and David Cole. “Carbon Dioxide Sequestration A Solution to a Global Problem.” Elements (October 2008): 305-310. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. <http://ees2.geo.rpi.edu/Bopp/Env%20Geology%20S'12/Notes/I%20CO2%20Sequestration/CO2%20Sequestration%20intro.pdf>. • Rubin, Edward S., Carnegie Melon University .“IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage.” RITE International Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage, 20 Feb. 2006, Tokyo, Japan. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.rite.or.jp/English/lab/geological/geowse/20-3-1_Rubin.pdf>. • Stavins, Robert N., and Kenneth R. Richards. "The Cost of U.S. Forest-Based Carbon Sequestration." PewClimate. CFES, Jan. 2005. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. <http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Sequest_Final.pdf>. • "U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA, 16 Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. <http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usgginventory.html>.

  16. Questions, Comments or Concerns

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