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ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE chapter three

ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE chapter three. 3.1 Atomic Structure. ATOMIC THEORY - history. 3.1 Atomic Structure. NUCLEUS. PROTON +. NEUTRON (NEUTRAL). ATOMIC THEORY - STRUCTURE MODEL OF THE ATOM. ELECTRON -. ENERGY LEVELS. 3.1 Atomic Structure. ATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRON LOCATION.

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ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE chapter three

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  1. ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLEchapter three

  2. 3.1 Atomic Structure ATOMIC THEORY - history

  3. 3.1 Atomic Structure NUCLEUS PROTON + NEUTRON (NEUTRAL) ATOMIC THEORY - STRUCTURE MODEL OF THE ATOM ELECTRON - ENERGY LEVELS

  4. 3.1 Atomic Structure ATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRON LOCATION Electrons are found in energy levels of an atom. Electrons occupy the lowest energy level available.

  5. 3.1 Atomic Structure Energy Levels are like ladder rungs… GAINING ENERGY

  6. 3.1 Atomic Structure Energy Levels

  7. 3.1 Atomic Structure ORBITALS – where the electrons are located within an energy level. S orbital (Like a sphere) may contain up to 2 electrons first energy level is an s orbital

  8. (Like a dumbbell) may contain up to 2 electrons second energy level may contain an s orbital and up to 3 p orbitals 3.1 Atomic Structure P orbital

  9. 3.1 Atomic Structure Orbitals

  10. 3.1 Atomic Structure Valence electrons are located in the outermost energy level of an atom. They determine the chemical properties of an element.

  11. 3.2 A TOUR OF THE PERIODIC TABLE • Properties of elements change in a regular pattern that the table helps to describe. • Periods – Horizontal Rows • Groups(families) – Vertical Columns

  12. Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents a Periodic Table of the Elements 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table Traditional Periodic Table

  13. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table The number of protons in an atom determines an element’s location on the table.

  14. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table Elements On the Periodic Table ATOMIC NUMBER 6 C Carbon 12.001 PROTONS (and ELECTRONS too) SYMBOL NAME PROTONS + NEUTRONS MASS # MASS

  15. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table PROTONS AND NEUTRONS HAVE EQUAL MASS. ELECTRONS ARE TINY – 1800 EQUAL ONE PROTON. 1 1 1800 1

  16. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table MASS 35 ATOMIC NUMBER 17 Cl protons _?_ electrons _?_ neutrons _?_

  17. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table MASS 35 ATOMIC NUMBER 17 Cl protons 17 electrons 17 neutrons 35-17 = 18

  18. ELECTRON GAINED = NEGATIVE CHARGE (-) ELECTRON LOST = POSITIVE CHARGE (+) 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table IONS are atoms that have lost or gained an electron.

  19. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table Electron transfer Na+ Cl

  20. A (+) CHARGED ION IS A Cation. A (-) CHARGED ION IS AN Anion. EXAMPLES: LITHIUM FLUORIDE 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table TWO KINDS OF IONS:

  21. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table The atoms of an element always have the same number of protons.BUT…..The atoms of an element may have different numbers of neutrons.This is an ISOTOPE! Two carbon ISOTOPES: CARBON 12 = 6 protons and 6 neutrons CARBON 14 = 6 protons and 8 neutrons

  22. 3.2 Guided Tour of Periodic Table The AVERAGE MASS of an ATOM • Why is the mass number not an even number? • Atoms of the same element exist with different numbers of neutrons. • This makes the mass of different atoms of the same element different. • The average mass is a weighted number so that more common isotopes have a greater affect on the average than rare isotopes. • What is an amu? • It is an “atomic mass unit”. • An amu is equivalent to the mass of 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom.

  23. 3.3 FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS: • HAVE THE SAME VALENCE NUMBER. • HAVE SIMILAR CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. • A COLUMN OF ELEMENTS IS A FAMILY.

  24. METALS NONMETALS 3.3 Families of Elements TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS

  25. VERY REACTIVE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON 3.3 Families of Elements GROUP ONE:ALKALI METALS

  26. 3.3 Families of Elements GROUP TWO:ALKALINE EARTH METALS • TWO VALENCE ELECTRONS

  27. 3.3 Families of Elements GROUP 3-12:TRANSITION METALS • MANY COMMON METALS • NOT AS REACTIVE AS OTHER METALS

  28. 3.3 Families of Elements GROUP 17:HALOGENS • VERY REACTIVE • FORM SALTS WITH ALKALI METALS • 7 VALANCE ELECTRONS

  29. 3.3 Families of Elements GROUP 18:NOBLE GASES • INERT / UNREACTIVE • EIGHT VALENCE ELECTRONS

  30. 3.3 Families of Elements SYNTHETIC ELEMENTS • They are man-made and radioactive. • They include all elements above #92, plus #43 and #61.

  31. 3.3 Families of Elements B Si Ge As SEMICONDUCTORS (METALOIDS) The elements that are between the metals and nonmetals are known as: SEMICONDUCTORS (METALOIDS) They may exhibit metallic and nonmetallic properties.

  32. 3.4 USING MOLES TO COUNT ATOMS • Some counting units: • Reams of paper • Dozens of eggs • Atomic mass units of protons and neutrons • Moles of atoms • A mole is the SI unit that describes the amount of a substance. • Avogadro’s constant is the number of particles in one mole which = 6.022 x1023 • molar mass is the mass in grams of one mol of a substance…it is equal to the average atomic number of an atom.

  33. Chapter 3Studying for the Test • Vocabulary • Parts of an atom • History • Element families • Using the periodic table • Metal vs. nonmetal

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