高三英语阅读考前复习之我见

高三英语阅读考前复习之我见 人大附中高三英语组谭松柏 2013-05-14

聊天内容 旁白：标题不整大点，一会该都偷偷走了。

丑话说在前面！ • 今天旨在应对考场阅读理解与答题，不保证与课改精神高度一致！ • 说得对的请假装喝彩！ • 说得不对的请假装没有听见！旁白：这个时候讲大道理谁听！

阅读策略&应试？ • 课标要求：提高学生综合语言运用能力！ • 答题技巧实为巧用阅读策略（快速查找信息）也是课标目标之一。旁白：不知道这么是否能自圆其说！

完形答题如何提高准度 见题先看标题，图片及首尾段；通读故事，设身处地，深度理解，合理预测，排除干扰；选择答案，动词搭配，名词辨析，形容词褒贬；换位思考，逆向检查，考虑配平

见题先看标题，图片及首尾段 A Faithful Father My husband kissed me goodbye, stroked the baby’s cheek and then rushed out of the door, into his busy day. With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep. Usually I would place it in bed and quickly have the house somewhat in 36 I don’t remember much of the rest of the call, 53 that moment of revelation(显露) about my father, I will never forget. There are those who are known for their heroic 54 , and also those who are known for their fortunes and fame, but it is the 55 everyday fathers who are the true heroes. I’m thankful that my father was one of them.

通读故事，设身处地，深度理解，合理预测，排除干扰；通读故事，设身处地，深度理解，合理预测，排除干扰； However, this morning, I stayed seated，just 37 , with the baby in my arms. The thoughts ran into 38 of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door to meet the obligations of life. It was only a small jump to thoughts of my own 39 . My mother passed away when I was ten, and as I looked 40 , I could see how much of a family man my dad was. He went to work every morning and 41 to his family every evening. He 42 food, clothing, warmth, and protection. He was a faithful father. Setting the baby down, I dialed the 43 number. I had just realized the 44 of the ordinary---the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted, and that it needed to be 45 . “Hi, Dad.” I said, 46 back tears. “Hey, Bud. How are you? ” 47 was in his voice. “Fine, I’m just calling to say...thank you.” I got it out before my throat 48 too much for me to speak. “What for?” “For getting up and going to work every morning of my life. Now that I have my own 49 and I see my husband doing the same, I just wanted to thank you for being 50 .” There was 51 for a moment as my dad composed himself, and with a small 52 in his voice he said, “You’re welcome, Bud.”

选择答案，动词搭配，名词辨析，形容词褒贬；选择答案，动词搭配，名词辨析，形容词褒贬； • Have the house in order • Stay seated, thinking • The thoughts ran into memories of… • Jump to thoughts of my own father • Look back • Return to his family • Provide food, clothing, warmth and protection • Dial the familiar number • Realize the significance of the ordinary • It needed to be recognized • Holding/fighting back tears • Concern was in his voice • My throat tightened • I have my own child • Thank you for being faithful • There was silence for a moment • With a small tremble in his voice • but • Heroic deeds • The ordinary everyday fathers

见题先看标题，图片及首尾段； • 通读故事，设身处地，深度理解，合理预测，排除干扰； • 选择答案，动词搭配，名词辨析，形容词褒贬； • 换位思考，逆向检查，考虑配平旁白：真有一个学生说好使！

阅读如何确保快而准 主旨题；细节题；猜词题；推断题；作者观点；结构题；七选五

考试说明:主要考察考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力，考生应该：考试说明:主要考察考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力，考生应该： • 理解归纳语篇的主旨要义； • 获取事实性信息； • 利用上下文推断词义； • 推断隐含意义； • 理解作者意图、观点和态度； • 理解句子，段落之间的逻辑关系； • 理解语篇的基本结构

高考阅读理解有哪些题型？ 不同文体 • 主旨要义； • 事实性信息； • 推断词义； • 推断隐含意义； • 作者意图、观点和态度； • 句子，段落逻辑； • 语篇结构 • 主旨题 • 细节题 • 猜词题 • 推断题 • 作者观点 • 七选五 • 结构题

主旨题： • What’s mainly discussed in the text? • What would be the best title for the text? 学生往往淹没在众多细节中，身在庐山

解题技巧： 找准位置考虑体裁

找准位置，有的放矢 • 文首或段首80% • 文章或段落首尾10% • 文尾或段尾；中间注：凡考主旨题的文章，其主旨很明显。不需要学生到字里行间去找。如果读了首段或每段第一句依然找不到答案，即便通读全文也未必能找到。至少，每段第一句能帮读者排除干扰项。优秀学生：先做主旨题，保障其他题的准确率；阅读能力不强的学生：后做主旨题，其他题能帮考生作对主旨题。

根据体裁特点识别 记叙文：故事、小说、传记、新闻等。议论文：散文、论文、评论等。说明文：说明书、科技报告等。应用文：叙述性（书信，日记）；说明性（广告，启事，海报等）。注：往往AB篇为说明文，应用文，记叙文 CD篇为议论文，说明文

细节题 According to the passage, who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how/ how many/ how much…?

先定位（找到题眼） skimming, scanning 定位到一句话或一个段落注：从命题角度来看，能出细节题的地方还是文章理解比较困难的一句话或一个点。

精读题眼，理解长难句 • 了解5种基本的句型；提出主干 • 理解句子成分，宏观把握句子 • 词性（如：名词，名词性词组，名词性从句）； • 学会替换无关细节，显露核心成分（sb. 代人名，机构名；sw. 代地名；隐去形容词或副词性成分。）

2009年C篇 • In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. • In 2007, sb. reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. • In 2007, sb. reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. the higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely; Low ceilings may inspire a more detailed outlook.

常见干扰： 貌合神离：给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生常见错误：主观臆断：望文生义，凭着自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断。

绝对生词：先用构词法解词，再用语境猜词 构词法：派生（加减前后缀，解词于拆合过程中），合成，转化等。

语境： • 同义词、近义词、反义词 • 定义、解释或举例 • 因果关系 • 标点符号 • 经验和常识注：能出猜词题的地方，一定有相关语境，让猜词可能。

因果关系 提示词：because, as，since，for，so，thus，until, as a result，therefore，so---that… 如：Sinceyou are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（05年上海卷） A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet

标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号） 分析：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers 可以让学生再复习常见标点的用法。

指代关系:it, its, their, them, this, that, they, which, these, those, … 返回原文定位该指代词，并且向上（90%）或向下（10%）搜索其指代。 Our bias(偏见) toward girls, either from families or from schools, is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it.

猜词组或句子则更要关注语境知识和语法关系。猜词组或句子则更要关注语境知识和语法关系。 “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy. We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”

推断题 1、From the text we know that ______. 2、It can be inferred / concluded that ______. 常以infer，imply，suggest，learn，intend，mean等词提问。提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，may, might，would等表示可能性的词汇，如seem, probably，most likely等。

根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。 1、吃透文章的表层意思； 2、推理的根据来自于上下文；　 3、不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；注：结论不能在原文中复现，不能将推断题与细节题混淆。

作者意图、观点和态度 设题形式： 1. The author writes this passage to __________. 2.The author in this passage intends to __________. 3. What does the author mainly want to say? 4. What’s the authors’ attitude towards________.

识别表示态度的词 一赞同 positive Favorable approval supportive 二否定 negative disapproval critical worried 三怀疑 suspicious doubtful puzzling 四客观 objective neutral

答题技巧 1.作者有态度（支持，反对，客观等） 2.不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。 3.当作者的态度没有明确提出时, 根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。 4.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联.

7选5如何不扣分 七选五考查考生理解语篇层面的连贯性和逻辑性，即句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的内在逻辑关系的能力。

选项特点： • 段首句（主旨句）：对文章整体内容或对某段的中心内容进行概括的句子。 • 段中句（过渡句）：承上启下（关联词或提示词）。 • 段尾句（总结句）：对本段内容予以总结或承上启下。

解题步骤 • 阅读主旨段或每一段主旨句（可以放第二步后面，或者省略） • 读选项，用笔划出关键词（如：指代不明的词，关联词，关键词等） • 读空格的前一句和后一句（必要时相应前后延长），选出简单的2-4个 • 剩下的带入读，并检测所选答案旁白：有些模拟题成功避开所有提示信息，有些误导！

Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzakdoeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75 . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!

A. Some people don't like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.

Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71C. Music is playing in the background.It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72B. The music gives them extra energy. If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don‘t want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzakdoeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75 A. Some people don't like Muzak. . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!

Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking. 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.

A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.

Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.71D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking. 72E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.74F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.

Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__ To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. • That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. • “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. • Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. • Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. • Good social skills—including empathy—are a k ind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life. • Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

Empathy • Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71B That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. • Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72_D_Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73_GHaving relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships._ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. • Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74F_Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life._ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. • What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75_C_“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.Toreally develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

我们可以如此叮嘱学生： • 最后冲刺阶段，状态与能力同等重要，超常发挥是硬道理！ • 驾驭考题，答题策略与英语水平同等重要！ • 平和的心态，良好的状态（有紧迫感但不紧张）很重要！ • 如果题目难度降低，要适应，不要想太多，要自信自己是对的！ • 碰到读不懂的文章没有关系，能找到答案就可以了！ • 考前通读会考考试说明词汇中不熟悉的词义！

感谢聆听！ 谭松柏tansongbai@rdfz.cn

高三英语阅读考前 复习之我见