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Rhabdoviruses

Rhabdoviruses. 桿狀病毒. I. Classification. Genus Lyssavirus ： rabies virus ( 狂犬病毒屬 ) Three rabies-like viruses. II. Structure. Bullet-shaped, single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus Single segment The virus genome encodes five proteins. III. Multiplication.

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Rhabdoviruses

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  1. Rhabdoviruses 桿狀病毒

  2. I. Classification • Genus • Lyssavirus：rabies virus (狂犬病毒屬) • Three rabies-like viruses

  3. II. Structure • Bullet-shaped, single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus • Single segment • The virus genome encodes five proteins.

  4. III. Multiplication • Replication in cytoplasm • Parental (-) RNA virus ---＞＋RNA ---＞progeny-RNA virus.

  5. IV. Clinical manifestation • Cause acute infection of the central nervous system. • Five stages in humans：incubation --＞prodrome(前驅期) --＞acute neurologic period急性腦炎（神經錯亂）→腦幹中樞功能障礙期（多口水，恐水症）--＞coma(昏迷)--＞death(死於神經及呼吸衰竭) • Incubation time：5 days to 2 years

  6. V. Pathogenesis • replicate in muscle tissue--＞remaining sequestered at or near the entry site during incubation--＞entering the peripheral nervous system--＞migrating rapidly to numerous organs.

  7. VI. Hosts defenses • Antibody is protective only if present before virus enters the nerves.

  8. VII. Epidemiology • occur in nearly all countries • due to a bite by an infected mammal.

  9. VIII. Diagnosis • Symptom observation and the detection of antibody are too late for clinical purpose. Tests of viral antigen or serological finding are used for suspected animal. • Negri body in infected neurons, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion filled with viral nucleocapsids is a hallmark diagnosis for rabies.

  10. IX. Control • Control is by vaccination of susceptible animal species, particularly dogs and cats. • Vaccination with HDCV for pre-exposure prophylaxis. • Administration of both HRIG (抗狂犬病毒免疫血清) and vaccines around the wound for post-exposure prophylaxis.

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